Biodiversity

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What is biodiversity?

Biodiversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth, including genes, species, and ecosystems.

What are the three levels of biodiversity?

Genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity.

What is genetic diversity?

The variation of genes within a species.

What is species diversity?

The variety of different species in an ecosystem.

What is ecosystem diversity?

The variety of ecosystems, habitats, and ecological processes.

Why is biodiversity important?

It provides food, medicine, fuel, fiber, timber, and ecosystem services.

What are ecosystem services?

The natural benefits ecosystems provide to humans and the environment.

Give three examples of ecosystem services.

Pollination, climate regulation, and water purification.

What is the utilitarian value of biodiversity?

The direct economic and practical benefits humans obtain from biodiversity.

What is the intrinsic value of biodiversity?

The belief that all living organisms have the right to exist regardless of human use.

How does biodiversity support agriculture?

It provides pollinators, healthy soils, and genetic resources for crops.

How does biodiversity benefit human health?

It is a source of medicines and supports clean air and water.

How does biodiversity contribute to the economy?

It supports agriculture, fisheries, forestry, tourism, and medicine.

What is climate regulation?

The ability of ecosystems to help maintain Earth's climate by storing carbon and regulating temperature.

What is pollination?

The transfer of pollen that allows plants to reproduce.

What is nutrient recycling?

The process of returning nutrients to the soil through natural decomposition.

What is seed dispersal?

The movement of seeds to new places where plants can grow.

What is climate change?

Long-term changes in Earth's temperature, rainfall, and weather patterns.

What are the natural causes of climate change?

Volcanic eruptions, solar variations, Earth's orbital changes, and ocean currents.

What are anthropogenic causes of climate change?

Human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation.

What is the greenhouse effect?

The process where greenhouse gases trap heat in Earth's atmosphere.

What are greenhouse gases?

Gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide that trap heat.

What is the largest human source of greenhouse gases?

Burning fossil fuels for electricity, transportation, and industry.

How does deforestation contribute to climate change?

It reduces carbon absorption and increases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

What are the effects of climate change on biodiversity?

Habitat loss, species extinction, and ecosystem disruption.

How does climate change affect agriculture?

It reduces crop production and increases droughts, floods, and pests.

How does climate change affect human health?

It increases heat-related illnesses, disease outbreaks, and food insecurity.

How are biodiversity and climate change connected?

Climate change reduces biodiversity, while biodiversity helps regulate climate.

What can individuals do to reduce climate change?

Conserve energy, plant trees, recycle, and reduce fossil fuel use.

Why are forests important in combating climate change?

They absorb carbon dioxide and support biodiversity.

What is the Coriolis Effect?

The apparent deflection of moving objects caused by Earth's rotation.

What causes the Coriolis Effect?

The rotation of the Earth on its axis.

How does the Coriolis Effect affect wind?

It causes winds to curve instead of moving in straight lines.

How are winds deflected in the Northern Hemisphere?

To the right.

How are winds deflected in the Southern Hemisphere?

To the left.

How does the Coriolis Effect influence ocean currents?

It causes ocean currents to curve and circulate around ocean basins.

Does the Coriolis Effect change the speed of wind?

No, it changes only the direction of motion.

Why is the Coriolis Effect important in weather forecasting?

It helps explain the movement of storms, winds, and ocean currents.

What is a cyclone?

A rotating low-pressure weather system.

How do hurricanes rotate in the Northern Hemisphere?

Counterclockwise.

How do hurricanes rotate in the Southern Hemisphere?

Clockwise.

What is the primary evidence of global warming?

Rising global average temperatures.

What is one evidence of climate change related to glaciers?

Glaciers are melting and shrinking.

How does sea level rise provide evidence of climate change?

Melting ice and expanding seawater cause oceans to rise.

How do changing rainfall patterns indicate climate change?

Some regions experience heavier rainfall while others face drought.

How does ocean warming affect marine life?

It causes coral bleaching and disrupts marine ecosystems.

What is coral bleaching?

The loss of algae from corals due to warmer ocean temperatures.

How does Arctic sea ice provide evidence of climate change?

It has been decreasing in area and thickness over time.

Why are more frequent heat waves considered evidence of climate change?

Because average global temperatures are increasing.

What Republic Act is known as the Philippine Clean Air Act?

Republic Act No. 8749.

What is the purpose of Republic Act No. 8749?

To protect and improve air quality in the Philippines.

What Republic Act is known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act?

Republic Act No. 9003.

What is the purpose of Republic Act No. 9003?

To promote proper waste segregation, recycling, and disposal.

What Republic Act is known as the Clean Water Act?

Republic Act No. 9275.

What is the purpose of Republic Act No. 9275?

To protect the country's water resources from pollution.

What Republic Act is known as the Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act?

Republic Act No. 9147.

What is the purpose of Republic Act No. 9147?

To conserve and protect wildlife species and their habitats.

What Republic Act created the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS)?

Republic Act No. 7586.

What is the purpose of Republic Act No. 7586?

To establish and manage protected areas in the Philippines.

What Republic Act expanded the NIPAS Act?

Republic Act No. 11038 (Expanded NIPAS Act).

What Republic Act is known as the Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act?

Republic Act No. 6969.

What is the purpose of Republic Act No. 6969?

To regulate hazardous chemicals and toxic wastes.

What Republic Act is known as the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System?

Presidential Decree No. 1586.

What is the purpose of the Environmental Impact Statement System?

To require environmental impact assessments before major development projects.

Which government agency primarily enforces environmental laws in the Philippines?

The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).

What is sustainable development?

Development that meets present needs without compromising future generations.

Why is environmental conservation important?

It protects natural resources, biodiversity, and human well-being.

What is mitigation in climate change?

Actions taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

What is adaptation in climate change?

Adjusting to the effects of climate change to reduce harm.

What is the difference between mitigation and adaptation?

Mitigation addresses the causes of climate change, while adaptation deals with its effects.

What is the overall goal of biodiversity conservation and climate action?

To protect ecosystems, maintain environmental balance, and ensure a sustainable future for all.

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What is meant by a healthy society in relation to biodiversity?

A healthy society protects biodiversity because healthy ecosystems support human health, food security, and sustainable development.

What is resource depletion?

The excessive use of natural resources faster than they can be naturally replaced.

How does resource depletion affect society?

It leads to shortages of food, water, energy, and other essential resources.

Why is biodiversity considered a biological resource?

It supplies food, medicine, fuel, fibers, and raw materials used by humans.

What does the word "bio" mean?

Life.

What does the word "diversity" mean?

Variety.

What does the lesson focus on besides biodiversity?

The relationship among society, environment, and health.

How is biodiversity related to health and medicine?

It provides natural sources of medicines and supports healthy ecosystems.

How does biodiversity contribute to water storage?

Healthy forests, wetlands, and ecosystems store and regulate water supplies.

How does biodiversity help prevent flooding?

Vegetation absorbs rainwater and reduces surface runoff.

How does biodiversity improve water treatment?

Wetlands and natural ecosystems filter pollutants from water.

What is a direct use value of biodiversity?

A benefit obtained directly from biological resources such as food, medicine, or timber.

Give three examples of direct-use goods from biodiversity.

Food, medicine, and building materials.

How does biodiversity provide building materials?

It supplies wood, bamboo, and other natural construction materials.

How does biodiversity provide fuel?

It provides firewood, charcoal, and biofuels.

How does biodiversity contribute to paper production?

Trees and plants provide the raw materials used to manufacture paper.

How does biodiversity provide fibers?

It supplies natural fibers such as cotton, hemp, and wool used for clothing and textiles.

What industrial products come from biodiversity?

Waxes, rubber, oils, resins, and other natural materials.

Approximately how many plant species do most people depend on for food?

About 20 plant species.

How many staple crops supply most of the world's food?

Only about 3 to 4 staple crops.

Why is crop diversity important?

It helps develop crops that resist pests, diseases, and changing climates.

About what percentage of people in developing countries rely on plants for primary medicine?

About 80%.

About what percentage of the 150 most-prescribed drugs originated from biodiversity?

About 57%.

What are indirect use values of biodiversity?

Benefits provided through ecosystem services rather than direct products.

How does biodiversity regulate global climate?

Ecosystems absorb carbon dioxide and help stabilize Earth's climate.

How does biodiversity help conserve soil?

Plant roots reduce erosion and maintain soil structure.

Why is nutrient cycling important?

It returns nutrients to the soil, supporting plant growth.