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1st Amendment
Guarantees freedoms of speech, press, assembly, religion, & petition to the people
2nd Amendment
Guarantees the right to bear arms
Incorporated on the state level with McDonald v. Chicago
3rd Amendment
Soldiers may not reside in other people’s houses without their consent
4th Amendment
Protects the people from unreasonable searches & seizures
Search warrants and/or probable cause is required for evidence collected to be used in trial
Mapp v. Ohio established the exclusionary rule, which prevents the govts from using unreasonably obtained evidence in trial
5th Amendment
No convict has to answer for a crime unless charged by a grand jury
**Establishes due process of law clause for federal actions**
Restricts eminent domain, which is when the govt seizes private property for public use (they must compensate for doing so)
6th Amendment
Gives convicts the right to a speedy and public trial, an impartial jury, and the ability to cross-examine witnesses
Guarantees the right to counsel (an attorney) and that convicts are informed of the charges/accusations against them
7th Amendment
Guarantees the right to trial with a jury if the money involved in it exceeds a certain amount
8th Amendment
Prohibits any “cruel and unusual punishment” & excessive bails
9th Amendment
Ensures that there are other non-enumerated rights that the people still hold
10th Amendment
Reserves any power not specifically enumerated to the federal govt by the constitution to the States and/or its people
11th Amendment
Prevents states from being sued in a federal court by a citizen of another state or foreign nation
12th Amendment
Changed the way that the president and vice president were elected
Separates the ballots so that there is an additional ballot for vice president
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery & involuntary service
14th Amendment
Gives citizenship to anyone born or naturalized in the US (Citizenship Clause)
Incorporates the due process of law clause to the states (new Due Process Clause)
Prohibits the states from denying the Equal Protection of the laws to their people (Equal Protection Clause)
Prohibits states from discriminating from other states (Privileges & Immunities Clause)
Establishes US Census for drawing congressional district borders
15th Amendment
Prohibits denying men 21 and over suffrage on the basis of race
16th Amendment
Allows Congress to lay & collect income tax from states regardless of their populations
17th Amendment
Changes the senator election process so that senators are elected by the people of their states
18th Amendment
Banned the sale, distribution, and production of alcohol
19th Amendment
Prohibits voting rights from being denied based on sex (women’s suffrage)
20th Amendment
Fixes the end of POTUS/VP term to Jan 20, and Congress’ ends terms and establishes annual assembly to Jan 3
Defines what happens if the president dies or can no longer be president (VP takes his place)
21st Amendment
Repeals prohibition amendment
Gives states the right to regulate alcohol
22nd Amendment
Limits the president to 2 elected terms
POTUS can now serve for up to 10 years (in cases where he went from VP to POTUS)
23rd Amendment
Includes Washington DC in the presidential electorate, giving it 3 members in electoral college
24th Amendment
Prohibits denying people the right to vote based on failing to pay any sort of tax, such as poll taxes
25th Amendment
Establishes a detailed line of succession for the presidential office
Details situations in which the offices of POTUS/VP are vacant or unable to be held by the current POTUS/VP
26th Amendment
Grants suffrage to anyone 18 and older
27th Amendment
Prevents members of Congress from fixing the salaries of their fellow congressmen until their next election
