History- The Industrial Revolution

Hegel's Master-Slave Dialectic

A philosophical concept by Hegel that shows the relationship between the master and the slave as a dialectic

Thesis

Antithesis

Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations (1776)

A foundational work in economics where Smith introduces the idea of the "Invisible Hand" of the market

Mercantilism

An economic theory that emphasizes the role of the nation-state in regulating the economy to increase national wealth

Physiocracy

An economic theory

Invisible Hand

Adam Smith’s metaphor explaining how individuals' self-interests in a competitive market lead to overall societal benefits

Law of Supply and Demand

A fundamental economic principle stating that the price of goods is determined by the availability of the goods (supply) and the desire for the goods (demand).

Specialization and Division of Labor

The process in which individuals or businesses focus on a narrow task and become highly skilled at it

Karl Marx’s Labor Theory

Marx's argument that labor is the force through which humans interact with nature to create the products necessary for survival

Forces of Production

The combination of human labor and the instruments (tools

Relations of Production

The social relationships that people enter into as they produce goods

Mode of Production

The way in which a society organizes its productive forces

Marxism

A political and economic theory developed by Karl Marx

Foucault’s “Discipline and Punishment”

A work by Michel Foucault exploring the shift in punishment methods from public execution to private

Panopticon

A prison design where a single guard can observe all prisoners without them knowing when they are being watched

Industrial Revolution

The transition from an agrarian

Enclosure Movements

The process by which common land in England was privatized and consolidated into larger

Luddite Rebellion

A movement where workers

Child Labor in the Industrial Revolution

The widespread use of children in factories during the Industrial Revolution

The Poor Laws

Laws in England designed to address poverty by providing poor relief; later evolved into the "New Poor Laws" of 1834