bio 2 exam smoking notes p2
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38 Terms
bryophytes
nonvascular land plants (liverworts, mosses, hornworts)
are bryophytes monophyletic
no
what is the firstland plant to evolve
bryophytes
bryophytes lack
vascular tissue and true organs
how do they absorb water
via osmosis and diffusion
do they have swimming sperm
yes, water is required for fertilization
what is the dominant life cycle of bryophytes
gametophyte
peat moss spore dispersal
explosive, drys out creates internal pressure until it bursts
most spore dispersal in bryophytes
capsule deforms with humidity changes, slow dispersal
a gametophyte in a bryophyte is anchored by what
rhizoids
life cycle of bryophyte
spore contacts water, gametophyte, anchored, gametophyte forms gamete, sperm swims, fertilization, diploid zygote splits (mitosis), embryo, soporphyte, spores
reproduction in bryophytes require ___
water
vascular plants or bryophytes are more sucessful?
vascular
what is a unique characteristic about bryophytes lifecycle
they have unbranched sporangia
moss
leafy gametophytes
water transport in moss
externally via capillary action, hydroids die and leave channels for water passage
true or false: moss sporophytes are dependent on gametophytes for protection and nutrition?
true
sphagum is
peat moss
peat moss uniquely
stores carbon without decaying
spanish moss is a bryophyte
false
liverworts: sporphyte is dependent on gametophyte?
yes, its attached to it has a stalk and capsule
liverworts: what grows alongside spores and assists with spore dispersal?
elaters- they deform with humidity and helps propel spores
why do liverworts have to sling spores?
avoid boundary layer effect
boundary layer effect in spore dispersal
air moving over plant surfaces wont pick up spores and disperse
true or false: liverworts have stomata
false, the have airpores
liverworts: gemmae cups and gemmae assist in _______ reproduction
asexual
perianth liverworts leafy and some thalloid
where archegonia is produced
hornworts characteristics
rare, meristamic tissue is located at the sporophyte base, indifenitly grow, symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria
what is weird about hornworts stomata?
they permenantly remain open
hornworts: meristematic tissue being located at the sporophyte base allows for what type of growth ?
top(old) to bottom(new), allowing for extendend elongation periods
which of the following features do bryophytes NOT have
lignin
3 multiple choice options
which of the following cannot be found in ANY bryophytes
roots
3 multiple choice options
stomata are present in
hornworts and mosses only
3 multiple choice options
which of the following does NOT identify a difference between the lifecycle of bryophytes and angiosperms
unlike bryophytes, angiosperms do not display a true alternation of generations
3 multiple choice options
a bryophyte sporophyte produces spores through
meiosis
3 multiple choice options
which of the following is a major distinction between bryophytes and other land plants
bryophytes have independent gametophytes and dependent sporophytes
3 multiple choice options
both the elaters of liverworts and peristome teeth of mosses serve what function?
assist in dispersal of spores
2 multiple choice options
true or false: the tissue of peristome teeth in a moss is diploid
true
1 multiple choice option