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Progressive Era
This movement offered practical approaches to political, social, environmental and economic reform in the late 19th and early 20th century (1890 - 1920).
Muckraker
Name given to the group of authors and journalists who exposed social injustices through their work.
16th amendment
This amendment allows the federal government to collect income tax to fund progressive programs.
17th amendment
Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures.
18th amendment
This amendment banned the production, transportation, and purchase of alcohol.
19th amendment
This amendment (1920) granted women the right to vote.
Upton Sinclair
This man wrote about the horrors of a Chicago meat packing plant in his novel, The Jungle.
Florence Kelly
This muckraker fought to get children out of factories and into schools, who used testimony before legislatures to persuade lawmakers to act.
Robert LaFollette
This governor and senator from Wisconsin supported state reforms including direct primaries, tax reform, and laws to control railroad rates.
Thomas Nast
Drew political cartoons exposing political corruption, particularly in the Democratic Party of New York (Tammany Hall).
Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
Law stating that government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit (being good or worthy).
Referendum
This reform gives voters the chance to directly vote on specific government programs or laws that have already been passed.
Carrie Chapman Catt
Older and more conservative leader of the National American Women Suffrage Association. Did not agree with using radical methods such as political protest.
Recall
This reform calls for a vote to take an elected leader out of office before his/her term is up.
Ida B. Wells
This progressive reformer used muckraking to fight the lynchings of African Americans while also supporting the women's suffrage movement.
National Women's Party (NWP)
Group formed by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns who used more radical tactics to push for a national Constitutional Amendment.
Political Machine
well organized political organization that controls election results by awarding jobs and other favors in exchange for votes
Patronage
When government officials use their powers to give jobs or favors to loyal voters
Suffrage
The right to vote.
Nellie Bly
This muckraker faked mental illness to expose the horrors in a psychiatric hospital.
The Progressives
The progressives were mostly white, middle class, educated women who believed in Social Gospel ideals and wanted to improve society for everyone with government funded programs.
Teddy Roosevelt
During his presidency (1901- 1909), he was considered a Progressive President, because he broke up monopolies/trusts and created national parks to protect the environment.
Problems faced during Progressive Era
Explain problems faced during Progressive Era: child labor, racial discrimination, environmental, unsafe products, education, political corruption, women's right and identify solutions created during Progressive Era - organizations, amendments, and /or laws that created change.
National Women's Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
The more traditional women's suffrage organization that focused on getting the women's vote state by state - rather than by the constitutional amendment. They strongly opposed the NWP's tactics - especially when they picketed the White House during WWI.
Woodrow Wilson
(1913- 1921) President during WWI and fought for progressive ideals: including environmental conservation, breaking up monopolies, and eventually passing the 19th amendment (women's right to vote).
William Howard Taft
(1908-1912) He was endorsed by Roosevelt because he pledged to carry on progressive program, but he raised tariffs to protect the interests of big businesses.
Election Reform
Methods to prevent election stealing include: secret ballots, no colored ballots, privacy, election observers, and ballot counters.
Prohibition
Many women supported Prohibition to protect women and children from domestic abuse.
Social Gospel
Christian faith practiced as a call not just to personal conversion but to social reform.
Social Darwinism
The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.
What is regarded as the start of the Women's movement?
The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848
The progressives were mostly what types of people in society?
Middle class, educated, white women
Why is the federal income tax amendment considered a progressive amendment?
Because it funded progressive programs
The Pure Food and Drug Act was passed in response to which muckraker's famous novel, and under which president?
Upton Sinclair, Theodore Roosevelt
