patho final (not done)

Vaginal discharge characteristic of trichomonas

Copious

Urge incontinence

Sudden urge to urinate followed by involuntary loss of urine (overactive bladder)

Stress incontinence

Loss of urine from intra-abdominal pressure like coughing or sneezing

Candida albicans infection

Thick white discharge

Hydrocele

Fluid accumulation around the testicle causing heavy scrotum and swelling

Syphilis progression

Painless chancres → rash → latent → organ damage (aorta

Ovarian cancer signs

Vague symptoms like abdominal distention

Kegel exercises purpose

Strengthen pelvic floor muscles to help incontinence and cystocele

Testicular torsion symptoms

Sudden severe pain and swelling

surgical emergency within 4-6 hrs

Disease risk for genital cancers

HPV

Endometriosis complications

Infertility

Stomach cancer causes

H. pylori infection

Common cause of peptic ulcer disease

Helicobacter pylori infection

Crohn’s vs Ulcerative colitis

Crohn’s: cobblestone appearance

UC: mucosa erosion

bleeding

Diverticular disease risk factors

Low fiber diet

Deviation from perfect ocular alignment

Strabismus

Diverticulosis complications

Infection

Progressive dysphagia findings

Choking

HIV causes and risk

Blood/body fluid exposure

Phenylketonuria (PKU) parental education

Prevent intellectual disability

Peritonitis signs

Rigid abdomen

Eye globe injury management

Flush with saline

Development of ascites in liver failure

Portal hypertension and low albumin production

Ulcer differences

Duodenal: pain relieved by food

Gastric: pain worsens with eating

Hormone deficiencies needing emergency treatment

Thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency

MI clinical findings

Chest pressure

Diabetes insipidus signs

Polyuria

Acute otitis media symptoms

Ear pain

Vital sign changes hypothyroid vs hyperthyroid

Hypo: low

Hyper: high

Neutropenia risk

Infection

Hyperaldosteronism electrolytes

High sodium

Hyperparathyroidism causes/electrolytes

Tumors

Hypocalcemia signs

Tetany

Diabetes mellitus ketoacidosis signs

Polyuria

Type 1 diabetes cause

Autoimmune destruction of beta cells

Cerebral cortex injury signs

Impaired judgment

Epidural vs Subdural hematoma

Epidural: arterial bleed

Subdural: venous bleed

slower progression

Huntington’s disease cause/diagnosis

Genetic degeneration

Parkinson’s disease cause/symptoms

Dopamine loss

Alzheimer’s disease cause/diagnosis

Brain atrophy

Cranial nerve VII injury signs

Facial paralysis

TB false positive/negative

BCG vaccine or treated TB (false positive)

Multiple myeloma signs

Anemia

Bone ischemia effect

Bone necrosis

Postictal phase

Period after a seizure before baseline return

Hemorrhagic stroke risk factor

Hypertension

Meningitis signs

Fever

ALS findings

Progressive muscle weakness and paralysis

Paget’s disease lab findings

Elevated alkaline phosphatase

Scoliosis vs Kyphosis vs Lordosis

Scoliosis: lateral curve

Kyphosis: thoracic hump

Lordosis: lumbar sway

Compartment syndrome cause/symptoms

Ischemia causing 6 Ps (pain

Osteomyelitis risk factors

Diabetes

Osteoporosis prevention education

Regular weight-bearing exercise

Papule vs pustule vs vesicle vs vacuole

Papule: firm bump

Pustule: pus-filled

Vesicle: fluid-filled

Vacuole: organelle

Joint dislocation signs

Deformed joint

Skin cancer types

Basal cell (common

Burn categorization

1st degree: superficial

2nd degree: partial thickness

blistering

3rd degree: full thickness

charring

Vitiligo presentation

Well-demarcated hypopigmented patches

Type I hypersensitivity reaction

Urticaria to ingested substance

Skin cancer symptoms

Asymmetry

Secondary prevention for COVID-19

Testing after exposure

Secondary infections and pruritic lesions

Scratching introduces infection

Cellulitis causative organisms

Staph aureus

Detached retina symptoms

Dark vision loss

Meniere’s disease signs

Vertigo

Cataract formation findings

Blurry vision

Herpes zoster link

Linked to chickenpox

Emphysema/pink puffer signs

Barrel chest

Increased ICP early vs late signs

Early: headache

Late: Cushing's triad

Fluid shift in dehydration

Intravascular fluid volume decreases

Atopic dermatitis characteristics

Pruritus