CDEP (Construction D3)

Wall Types

1) Bearing Wall

2) Non-Bearing Wall

3) Free Standing

Wood Stud Wall System

A pertition wall is a dividing wall within a building; may be bearing or non-load bering.

Wall Types

1) Bearing Wall

2) Non-Bearing Wall

3) Free Standing

Wood Stud Wall System

A pertition wall is a dividing wall within a building; may be bearing or non-load bering.

Parts of Partition

1) Stud - an upright post or support

2) Partition Cap, Head, Plate - the uppermost horizontal member of a partition

3) Soleplate - a horizontal timber which serves a base for the studs

4) Cripple - A structural element that is shorter than usual, as a stud above a door opening

Dry Wall

Any wall partition that does not accommodate any pipes

Wet Wall

Any wall that accommodate any pipes

Sidings

Protective material attached to the exterior side of the building. First line of defense to the elements. Planks are commonly used

Sheathing

A covering placed over exterior studs or rafters that serve as a base below the exterior finish materials.

Types of Wall Covers

1) Siding - stud partition

2) Sheathing - stud partition

3) Wallboard - stud partition

4) Plasterwork - masonry

Types of Horizontal Board Siding

1) Bevel Siding - also called clapboard or lap siding

2) Dolly Varden Siding - bevel siding rabbeted along the lower edge

3) Shiplap Siding - wood sheathing whose edges are rabbeted

4) Rustic Siding - also called drop siding or novelty siding

Types of Vertical Board Siding

1) Matched Boards - inter-lap or interlock and have flush

2) T&G Siding - also called dressed and matched boards

3) V-cut Siding - v-shaped wood cut that has rabbeted joint

4) Corrugated Siding - scalloped wood sheathing with convex forms visible

5) Square-Edge Boards - boards used with other boards and battens to protect andenhance the vertical joints.

Wood Manufactured Boards

Panels made of wood but do not appear in their naural state.

Types of Manufactured Wood Boards

1) Plywood. - odd number of veneer sheets

2) Soft Plywood - form of lumber

3) Hardwood Plywood - used for paneling and finishing work

4) Marine Plywood or Exterior Grade Plywood - used for exterior

5) Hardboard and or Ply Board - from wood chips which are exploded into fibers

6) Chipboard - made by bonding together wood particles

7) Fiberboard - made from vegetable fibers

8) Gypsum Board - non combustible building board

9) Fiber Cement Board - 72% portland cement 20% mineralized calluose 8% calcium carbonate

10) Particle Board- from wood chips, curls, fibers, flakes, strands, shaving, and slivers, bound together and pressed into sheets, molded and shaped

Light Gauge Steel Construction

Are framed the same way as wood wall stud system but uses light gauge steel studs instead of wood.

Masonry Wall

Consist of modular building blocks bonded together with mortar to form walls that are durable, fire-resistant, and structurally efficient in compression.

Masonry Walls may be Constructed as

1) Solid Walls

2) Cavity Walls

3) Veneered Walls - usually for decoration

Classifiction of Masonry Walls

1) Unreinforced Masonry Wall - also called plain masonry walls

2) Reinforced Masonry Walls - utilize steel reinforcing bars embedded in grout

Bed

The horizontal surfaces on which the stones or bricks of walls lie in the courses

Courses

A continous layer of bricks, stones, or other masonry units.

Wythe or Tier

Each continous, vertical section of the wall, one masonry unit thick

Bond

That connection between bricks, stones or other masonry units formed by lapping them one upon nother carrying up the work, so as form an inseparable mass of building, by preventing the vertical joints falling over each other (also called a breaking joint)

Stretcher

A brick or block masonry extendig over the thickness of the wall

Heading Course

A course in which the bricks or other masonry units are all headers

Soldier

A unit laid on its end with its face perpendicular to the face of the wall

Quoins

The corner stones at the angles of buildings, usually rusticated so as to project from the normal surface of the wall

Bond Stones

Stones running through the thickness of the wall at right angles to its face, in order to bind it together.

Blocking or Blocking Course

A course of stones placed on top of cornice crowning the walls.

Type of Masonry Units

Most Common:

1) Bricks

2) Concrete Blocks

Other Types:

3) Natural or Cast Stone

4) Structural Clay Tile

5) Structural Glass Blocks

6) Pilaster Blocks

7) Durisol Block

Bricks

Structural units of clay or shale formed while plastic and subsequently fired. Standard size is 3 3/4" x 2 1/4" x 8"

Types of Bricks

1) Common or Building Brick - all purpose

2) Facing Brick - exposed masonry surfaces

3) Glazed Brick - formed with vertical hollow cores through the body with scoring on the back

4) Fire Brick - refractory brick. Made from a mixture of flint clay and plastic clay

Brick Bond Patterns

1) Running Bond

2) Common Bond

3) Stack Bond

4) Flemish Bond

5) English Bond

Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB)

Also called Cement block. A hollow or solid concrete masonry unit (CMU) consisting of Portland cement and suitable aggregates combined with water.

Types of Concrete Hollow Blocks

1) Stretcher (3 core)

2) Corner

3) Double Corner or Pier

4) Bull Nose

5) Jamb

6) Stretcher (2 core)

7) 4" or 6" Partition

8) Beam or Lintel

Stretcher

Masonry unit laid horizontally with its length in the direction of the face of the wall.

Wall Footing

A strip of reinforced concrete wider than the wall which distributes the load to the soil.

Hook or Hooked Bar

A steel reinforcing bar, for use in reinforced concrete, with the end bent into a hook to provide anchorage. Used in joint with the wall footing

Dowel-Bar Reinforcement

Short, reinforcing bars of steel which extend approximately equally into two abutting pieces of concrete, to increase the strength of the joint; used in joint with columns or beams.

Stiffener Columns and Beams

CHB partition walls are ideally supported against lateral movements vertically by__________ and horizontally by __________

Lintel

Horizontal structural member (such as beam) over an opening which carries the weight of the wall anove it; usually of steel, stone, or wood.

Lintel Blocks or U-Blocks

Have a single core with an open end; usually placed with its open end upright; such blocks form a continous beam when filled with grout and proper reinforcement.

Mortar

Plastic mixture of cement or lime, or a combination of both, with sand and water, used as a bonding agent in masonry construction.

Types of Mortar According to Material Constituency

1) Cement Mortar - mixture of portland cement, and, and water.

2) Lime Mortar - mixture of lime, sand, and water

3) Cement - Lime Mortar - lime is added to increase plasticity and water retention

4) Masonry Cement - proprietary mix of portland cement and other ingredients, as hydrated lime, plasticizers, air-entraining agents, and gypsum, requiring only the addition of sand and water to make cement mortar

Types of Mortar According to Strength

TYPE M - high strength mortar

TYPE S - medium high strength mortar

TYPE N - medium strength mortar

TYPE O - low strength mortar

TYPE K - very low strength mortar

Types of Curtain Walls

1) Panel Walls - outer surface may or may not form the exterior facing of the building and whose interior surface may or may not form the interior finish

2) Spandrel Wall - skeleton construction, built between columns or piers & wholy supported at each storey

3) Panel Curtain Wall - made up of panels attached directly to the building structure with an adjstable attachment or mounted on supports

Masonry Panel Walls

Are exterior non-load bearing walls whose outer surface may form exterior building face or it may be used back of panel curtain wall as "back up."

2 types of masonry panel wall

1) Stone Masonry Panel - natural or artificial stone slabs which are nchored to the building structure by masonry anchors

2) Pre-Cast Masonry - ordinary reinforcd or pre-stressed concrete wall units which may span one floor on several floors.

Panels that Protect the Building from the Weather

1) Window Type Panel - transparent glass and frame incorporated in panel curtain wall.

2) Skin Type Panel - made up of one material

3) Sandwich Type Panel - Made up of assembly of several materials

4) Open Sandwich Type - Sandwich panel with top and bottom edges closed

5) Closed Sandwich Type - sandwich panel in which all edges of panel are closed except for weep holes and vents

6) Wall Units - preassembly of several panels of any type

Classification of Panel Curtain Walls

1) Stick Type - method of installation where the mullions and horizontal rails (gutter section and window sill section) are installed first before installation of the window and wall panels.

2) Unitized System - Takes the component parts of the stick system and assembles them into individual prefabricated units within a factory setting.

3) Bolt Fixed Glazing - also called planar glazing is typically used to cover specific areas in a building that architects or clients wants to highlight

Types of Performed Roof Cover

1) Sheet Metal Roofing (Galvanized Iron Roofing & Aluminum Roofing)

2) Plastic Roofing (Plastic & Polycarbonate)

3) Tire Roofing (Clay & Concrete)

4) Shingles (Wood & Tar)

Corrugated Galvanized Iron Roofing

Used for roofing , gutters, flashing, ridge, hip and valley rolls, downspouts and straps for revieting. The thickness are measured in terms of "gauge" from ga. 14 o ga. 30. Gauge 26 is the most commonly used for roofing

Types of Flashing

1) Sidewall

2) Fascia

3) Drip Nose Flashing

4) Corner

5) Valley Tray

6) Apex

7) Ridge Capping

8) Headwall

9) Baseboard / Fascia Board

Clay / Cement Tile Roofing

Tile roofing consists of clay or concrete units that overlap or interlock to create a strong textural pattern. It is fire-resistant, durable and require little maintenance.

Kinds of Roof Clay Tiles

1) Plain Tile or Flat Tile

2) Overlapping

3) Interlocking

4) Pan Tile

6) Spanish or S-Tile

7) Barrel or Mission Tile

Roof Decks

Reinforced concrete roof slabs (roof decks) are formed and site cast in the same manner as concrete floor systems. Normally covered with a type of membrane roofing for insulation and waterproofing.

Building Protection Systems

1) Water Proofing

2) Damp Proofing

3) Termite / Insect / Rat Proofing

4) Fire Proofing

5) Thermal Insulation

6) Surface and Rust Protection

Floor Protection

Method of protecting finish floor surfaces from wear and tear or from chemical abrasions due to heavy use.

Rust Proofing

Method of protecting the steel and other ferrous materials from corrosion

Descalers, Paint and Chemical Strippers

A method of removing old paint by the use of a paint remover and stains, rust, algae or even cement build up on forms

Thermal Insulation

Equipment, by the use of a chemical stripper or descaler. A material providing high resistance to heat flow

Types of Thermal Insulators

1) Batt Insulation

2) Blanket Insulation

3) Rigid Board Insulation

4) Loose Fill

5) Foamed-In Place Insulation

6) Sprayed-On Insulation

7) Reflective Insulation

Types of Joint Sealant

1) Bituminous Cement

2) Silicone Sealant

Door

A hinged, sliding, or folding barrier of wood, metal, or glass for opening and closong an entrance to a building, room or cabinet.

Door Types (based on movement)

1) Swing Door

2) Pivoted Door

3) Folding Door

4) Sliding Door

5) Bifold Door

6) Accordion Door

7) Pocket Door

8) Overhead Door

9) Revolving Door

Door Types (based on forms)

1) Wood Flush Door

2) Panel Door

3) French Door

4) Louvered Door

5) Dutch Door

6) Jib Door

Steel Door

A door that is fabricated from Ga.18, plain steel sheet.

Types of Door Frame

1) Flush Frame - installed during construction

2) Drywall Frame - installation after a drywall partition is finished

3) Grouted Frame - filled with plaster or mortar for structural rigidity

4) Double Egress Frame - prepared to recieve a pair of single acting doors that swing in opposite direction

Windows

An opening in the wall of a building for admitting light and air, usually fitted with a frame in which area set operable sashes containing panes of glass

Window Frame

The fixed frame of a window, consisting of two jambs, a head and a sill

Pane

One of the divisions of a window or door, consisting of a single unit of glass set in a frame.

Windowpane

A pane of glass filling a window sash

Muntin

A rabbeted member for holding the edges of windowpanes within a sash. Also called glazing bar, sash bar.

Mullion

A vertical member between the lights of a window.

Light

A medium for admitting light, as one compartment of a window or window sash. Also called day

Types of Windows

1) Fixed

2) Sliding

3) Double or Single Hung

4) Casement

5) Awning

6) Hopper

7) Center Pivot

8) Jalousie

9) Pivoting Window

Stiles

Upright members framing a window sash or paneled door.

Rails

horizontal members framing a window sash

Casement Window

A window with atleast one casement, often used in combination with fixed lights

Casement

A window sash opening on hinges generally attached to the upright side of its frame.

Folding Casement

A pair of casements with rabbeted meeting. Stiles, hung in a frame having no mullion.

Hanging Stile

The stile of a window frame from which a casement is hung

Meeting Stile

One of the abutting stiles in a pair of casements

Double Hung Window

A window having two vertically sliding sashes, each in separate grooves or tracks and closing a different part of the window.

Hung Sash

A vertically sliding window sash balanced by a counterweight or a pretensioned spring on each side so that it can be rised or lowered with relatively little effort. Also called balanced sash

Meeting Rail

Rail of each sash in a double hung window that meets at the rail of the other when the window is closed

Awning Window

A window having one or more sashes swing outward on hinges generally attached to the top of the frame

Projected Window

A casement or awning window in which the inner end of the sash slides along a track or the sill or jamb as the sash swings outward.

Hopper Window

A window having one or more sashes swinging inward on hinges generally attached on the bottom. Also called hospital window

Hopper Light

A window light hinged on the bottom and swinging inward. Also called hospital light.

Hopper

One of the triangular draft barriers on each side of a hopper light

Wall Board

Type of gypsum board that is used for general wall surface

Backing Board

Type of gypsum board that is used in multi-ply construction

Core Board

Type of gypsum that is used as a base in a multi-ply construction of self-supporting (stud-less) gypsum walls

Type X Gypsum Board

Used in fire-rated assemblies made fire resistant by adding glass fibers

Water Resistant Gypsum Backing

Has a water resistant backing board. Has a water repellant facing

Standard Size of a Brick

3 3/4" x 2 1/4" x 8"