Chp 4 Linguistic Anthropology: Relating Language and Culture

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Creole language

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41 Terms

1

Creole language

________- a language of mixed origin that has developed from a complex blending of two-parent languages and exists as a mother tongue for some part of the population.

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2

Phonology

________- the systematic pattern of sounds in a language, also known as the languages sound system.

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3

Parole

________ is language in its living, breathing sociocultural context- that is, language as it is actually used by people.

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4

Government business

________ in the province of Quebec is conducted in French, and public signs must be written in French.

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5

Syntax

________: how words are strung together to form sentences and more complex utterances, such as paragraphs.

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6

Morphology

________- the structure of words and word formation in a language.

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7

Metaphors

________ are comparisons that emphasize the similarities between things.

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8

Ethnopoetics

________- a method of recording narrative speech acts- including oral poetry, stories, and ritual use of language- as verses and stanzas in order to capture the format and other performative elements that might be lost in written prose.

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9

Philology

________- comparative study of ancient texts and documents.

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10

Sociolinguistics

________- the study of how sociocultural context and norms shape language use and the effects of language use on society.

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11

Linguistic relativity

________- the idea that people speaking different languages perceive or interpret the world differently because of differences in their languages.

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12

Sociolinguists

________ study how context and cultural norms shape language use and the effects of language use on society.

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13

Pidgins

________ have historically been developed for the purpose of business and trade.

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14

Langue

________ is the technically correct manner in which people should speak.

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15

Call systems

________ are stimuli-dependent, which means an animal can communicate only in response to a real-world stimulus.

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16

creole languages

In the Americas, local colonized societies developed hybrid languages called ________: a language of mixed origin that has developed from a complex blending of two-parent languages and that exists as a mother tongue for some part of the population.

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17

Ethnoscience

________- the study of how people classify things in the world, usually by considering some range or set of meanings.

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18

Dialect

________ - a regional or social variety of a language in which the vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation differ from those of the standard version of the language (e.g., African American Vernacular English )

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19

Accent

________- a regional or social variation in the way a language is pronounced (e.g., an Alabama accent)

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20

Language

________ is also a marker of position in local, regional, national, and international contexts.

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21

Edward Sapir

In the 1920s, linguistic anthropologist ________ (1929) argued that a language inclines its speakers to think about the world in certain ways because of its specific grammatical categories.

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22

Ethnography of speaking

________ - the study of how people actually use spoken language in a particular cultural setting.

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23

Linguists

________ identify the sounds of language (phonology) marking the contrasts between pairs or groups of sounds.

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24

Symbols

________ are elaborations on signs, with a wider range of meanings.

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25

philology

Historical linguistics began in the 18th century as ________: the comparative study of ancient texts and documents.

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26

Ape vocal tracts

________ limit spoken language, so for decades researchhers have probed the limits of ape communication by teaching them signed languages.

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27

English

In ________, the pronoun you may refer to one person or many people.

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28

Indonesian

In contrast to the past, present, and future tenses of English, the Ningerum language of Papua New Guinea features five tenses and ________ has no regular tense markings.

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29

Animal call systems

________ tend to be nearly the same within a species, with only minor differences between call systems used in widely separated regions.

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30

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

According to the ________, the language we speak does affect our perception of the world.

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31

Language

________ is a(n) system of communication consisting of sounds, words, and grammar.

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32

Descriptive linguistics

________- the systematic analysis and description of a languages sound system and grammar.

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33

Language ideology

________- widespread assumptions that people make about the relative sophistication and status of particular dialects and languages.

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34

linguistic relativity

Sapir's work was an early expression of ________: the idea that people speaking different languages perceive or interpret the world differently because of differences in their languages.

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35

Anthropological linguistics

________- the study of language from an anthropological point of view.

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36

Morphology

________: how words are ford into meaningful units.

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37

Sociolinguists

________ accept whatever form of language a community uses (parole) as the form of language they should study.

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38

Syntax

________- the pattern of word order used to form sentences and longer utterances in a language.

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39

Phonology

________: the structure of speech sounds.

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40

Historical linguistics

________ focuses on how and where the languages people speak today emerged.

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41

Sociolinguists

________ focus on the use of signs, symbols, and metaphors in daily life.

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