gh midterm study guide

dimensions of globalization

economic, political, environmental, social/cultural

political

the process by which political decisions and actions are becoming increasingly international

economic

the process of expanding world trading networks

environmental

the many effects of trade, transportation, technology, and transnationals has on the natural world and sustainable prosperity

social/cultural

the process by which independent cultures interact with each other, and how people's lifestyles spread over global networks

forces of globalization

technology, trade, transnationals, transportation, media, communication

technology

any tool that makes human life more efficient/easier

trade

the exchange of goods between partners

free trade

trade without limitations; economic system

transnationals

a company based in one country, that also operates out of more then one country

transportation

any device used to transfer physicals people and goods

media

how we consume information

communication

the way that we access or spread information between human beings

collective identity

the shared identity of a group of people, especially because of a common language and culture

individual identity

the traits that make up a person's sense of individuality

popular culture

as global media spreads across the world. content creators are able to sell their products/entertainment anywhere
ex. among us in mexico, k pop music in america

glocal

how things that happen at the global level can impact the local level (or vice versa)

the digital divide

the gap between people who do and do not have access to up to date digital technology

media concentration

having a small number of corporations owning a vast number of media sources

media convergence

the combination of multiple forms of media elle

global north

countries that are usually classified as developed; industrial and urban

global south

countries that are usually classified as developing; industrial production agricultural, mix of urban and agrarian

cultural content laws

laws passed by a government to prevent a group's cultural identity - including its artists, performers, songs, movies and literature - from being overwhelmed by the media of a more dominant culture

CRTC (Canadian Radio and Television Commission)

the public authority that regulates and promotes Canadian culture in the broadcast media.

diversification

the belief that globalization can shift local cultures to include other countries media and pop cultures

hybridization

the combining of elements of two or more different cultures to create something new.

what is the relationship between language and identity

language in important to cultural identity in the way that to some language is identity; they express traditions, values, world views, and cultures through language

opportunities of globalization

some advocates believe that if everyone spoke a common language, it would reduce the differences among people, causing an increase in globalization

challenges of globalization

others believe that globalization presents challenges because it threatens cultural diversity, with the growing number of endangered languages

accomodation

the idea of 2 or more distinct cultural groups co-existing alongside each othjer

acculturation

the creation of a hybrid of 2 different cultures ex. the metis/pidgin languages

assimilation

the erasure of a less dominant culture by a more predominant culture

globalization

the process by which the world's citizens are becoming increasingly connected and interdependent

americanization

the process by which citizens of a minority culture are assimilated into american culture

homogenization

the incorporation of a range of cultural forms into a uniform set of values and practices

cultural revitalization

process of affirming and promoting people's individual and collective cultural identity.

cultural diversity

the state of having a variety of cultures in the same area

marginalization

treatment of a person, group, or concept as insignificant or peripheral

minority language

a language spoken by a minority of people in a country

multiculturalism

a condition in which ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life

official bilingualism

an official government policy under which a country or province recognizes two official languages ex. canada with english and french

cultural pluralism

a condition in which many cultures coexist within a society and maintain their cultural differences.

motives for early european exploration

god, glory, gold

motives of second wave european exploration

the civilizing mission

mita system

forced labour for the state, through mining

encomienda system

gave conquistadors indigenous communities as wards; used them as indentured workers

viceroyalties

a secondary monarch; works in place of the primary monarch in a country that works as a colony for the mother country

columbian exchange

the process by which people commodities and diseases travelled across the atlantic ocean

conquistadors

soldiers of 15th and 16th century spain and portugal, often associated with exploration

continents that were involved in triangle trade

north america, africa, europe

things that were traded during colombian exchange

forces on diseases, foods, plants and animals.

transatlantic slave trade

slave trade from east coast of Africa to America

cash crops

agricultural products grown for profit and not for nutrients

chattel slavery

when one person has total ownership over another

mercantilism

an economic system where traders are given support from a monarch to engage in trade favourable to the state, which in turn goes back into the pockets of the monarch and by extension the mother country

principles of mercantilism

- there's a finite amount of wealth in the world - compared to a pie
- a country becomes powerful by collecting as much gold and silver as possible
- a country becomes powerful by increasing the number of colonies it has
- the mother country should produce manufactured goods, while the colonies produce raw materials
- a country should have more exports then imports

who created the economic idea of capitalism?

adam smith; seen in his book wealth of nations

what effect did bartolome las casas have on slavery?

in an attempt to solve the injustice the indigenous were facing against the europeans, he suggested that they get africans to work on the plantations, hoping that they would be treated fairly

legacies of the transatlantic slave trade

resistance, abolitionist movement

abolition

the movement to end slavery

the industrial revolution

the process by which the modern world became more reliant on technology to complete hard labor rather than human labor; rice of steam engine

consumerism

a movement advocating greater protection of the interests of consumers (hand in hand with capitalism)

residential schools

government-authorized schools run by the government where indigenous children were forcefully taken from their parents, stripped from their identity, nd forced to pursue a canadian way of life,

indian act

an act that was enacted to consolidate many indigenous laws and to make indigenous peoples wards of the government.

truth and reconciliation commision (TRC)

an act created by the govt to make reparations to the trauma that the indigenous children faced in the schools, entails of things like redressing historical relations and furthering reconciliation

civilizing mission

the idea that colonialism was a obligation for Europeans and a benefit for the colonized group.

whch infamous poem captured the idea of the civilizing mission?

the white mans burden

the british east india company

a joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. often considered the "first transnational" by historians

cottage industry

a system of manufacturing where everything was made by hand individually, the complexity and beauty of the goods were secondary concerns

urbanization

the growth of cities

entrepreneurs

accepting the risk of starting and running a business

imperialism

the state policy, practice and advocacy of extending power and dominion, esp by direct territorial acquisition

industrialization

the process by which societies are transformed from dependence on agriculture and handmade products to an emphasis on manufacturing and related industries

historical globalization

the study of the impacts of globalization over the course of history.

treaty of tordesillas

an agreement between portugal and spain where the whole world was split into half; the left side went to spain (mexico, peru, majority of south merica) and the other side went to portugal (brazil)

plantations

large farms

middle passage

the passage in which the africans traveled through to go to america after being enslaved; slaves on there often suffered inhumane treatment

ethnocentrism

belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group

capitalism

the economic idea of the pursuit of wealth for the individual instead of the monarch; with this econ theory came the rise of private companies

principles of capitalism

- limited govt activity/ free market economy
- merchants could buy and sell for themselves
- idea of investments: take profits from successful business and put them back into your or other merchants, economic ventures

depopulation

a reduction in population caused by natural or human forces