Post Charlemagne, Feudalism and East/West Schism

CATHOLIC CHURCH

Largest Landholder in Western Europe during Feudal System

KINGS

gave land in exchange for protection/loyalty

Nobles

received land in exchange for loyalty

Vassals

oversaw daily workings of feudal manor

peasants/serfs

worked the land in exchange for protection

Simony

buying & selling of Church offices

Nepotism

the practice among those with power or influence of favoring relatives or friends, esp. by giving them jobs.

Lay Investiture

Secular rulers appointing bishops/church officials

Cluny

Benedictine monastery whose reforms freed it from the feudal system

Agricultural advancements/Population growth/Rise of stronger monarchs

Contributed to decline of Feudal System

Year the East West Churches separated

1054

Leo IX

Last Pope to preside over a unified Christian church

Michael Cerularius

Patriarch of Constantinople: announced East & West had too many differences to remain united

Cardinal Humbert

sent to reconcile with Patriarch, excommunicated him instead

Filioque Controversy

Addition by Council of Toledo of "and the Son" to Nicene Creed protested by the East

Iconoclastic Controversy

Byzantine Emperor's war on icons as idolatrous; West's support of icons adds to East/West tensions in Church

Louis the Pious

Son of Charlemagne, left rule of the empire to be shared by his 3 sons (Charlemagne's grandsons)

Treaty of Verdun

843 Treat dividing Charlemagne's empire into 3 parts

Charles the Bald

Grandson of Charlemagne, ruled Western part of empire after 843

Lothaire

Grandson of Charlemagne, ruled Middle part of the empire after 843

Louis the German

Grandson of Charlemagne, ruled Eastern part of the empire after 843

Cyril and Methodius

missionaries who brought Christianity to the Slavic people

Russia, Bulgaria, Serbia

affiliated with Eastern (Byzantine)Church

Croatia, Poland, Slovakia

Among the nations that affiliated with the Western (Latin) Church