EARTH AND SPACE

Absolute magnitude

Brightness of a star at a defined standard distance

Distance

Cepheid variable star allows astronomers to measure

Mass

Lifetime of a star depends

Protostar, main sequence, red giant, and white dwarf

Stages in the life of a star

Supernova

Collapse of a massive star

Pulsar

Rapidly rotating neutron star

Black hole

Core three times the mass of our sun

Galaxy

Basic unit of the universe

100,000 Light-years

Diameter of the Milk Way

Supernova

Elements that are more massive than the element iron were formed in

Neutron star

Core has a mass between 1.5 and 3 solar masses

Light-years

Distance in outer space

Bright, low-temperature giants

Red Giant Star

White dwarf stars

Faint, very dense, white hot, and close to the end of their lifetime

Nickel

Elements forms in a supernova explosion

Hubble’s Law

Greater the distance to a galaxy, the greater a redshift

700 times larger

Mass of the Sun is how much larger than all of bodies in the solar system

25 percent that of the density of Earth

Density of Jupiter

Titan

Only moon in the solar system with a substantial atmosphere

Lead

Meteorites are classified into groups EXCEPT

Jupiter

Has its original atmosphere

Crescent phase

Venus appears the brightest

Comet

Composition and structure closest to the materials that condensed from the accretion disk

Venus

Morning star, Evening star

Channels and Canals

Considered by some to be evidence of life on Mars

Slow gravitational compression of the planet

Jupiter Radiates twice as much energy

High-pressue region with high cold clouds

Great red spot

Meteor

Shooting star

Plane of the ecliptic

Plane of earth’s orbit

Prime Meridian

Referent meridian

Antarctic Circle

Parallel at 66.5 degree S

Noon

Movement of the sun across the celestial meridian

Mean solar time

Clock and watches

International date line

180 degree meridian

Synodic Month

Time period from one new moon to the next new moon

Ancient molten lava seas on the moon

Maria

Active Volcanoes

unmanned missions to the moon did not find or identity

Basaltic

Rocks on the surface of the moon

Radioactive dating of moon rocks

Approximate age of the moon was determined by

Spring tide

Tides that occur at the full and new moon phases

Slowing the rotation of earth

Friction between the tides and the ocean basin

January

Month with the most solar energy

Twice a year

At 20 degree N latitude, Sun appears directly overhead

Twice a year

At 0 degree N latitude (equator), Sun appears directly overhead

Never

At 40 degree N latitude, Sun appears directly overhead

A pendulum

Evidence that Earth is rotating

Averaged apparent solar time

Clock time

Four times a year

Sundial is the same as the time read from a clock

New Earth

Full moon

Quarter moon phases

Smallest range between high and low tides occurs

North star

Earth’s axis point toward

Oxygen

Most abundant in Earth’s Crust

Silicates or non-silicates

Minerals Classification

Carbonates

Most abundant class of non-silicates

Iron and Magnesium

Silicates are

Carbonates

Limestone and dolomite

Gneiss

Greatest extent of metamorphic changes

Silicon-oxygen tetrahedral unit

Common structural feature of all silicates

Plastic Mineral

Not a subgroup of silicate minerals