Lecture 3: Pain

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What are nociceptors? What type of nociceptors do we have? What is their function?

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What are nociceptors? What type of nociceptors do we have? What is their function?

Nociceptors are sensory receptors that detect signals from damaged tissue.

free nerve endings - A delta (pain and temp), C (pain, temp, itch)

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2

Fast pain

myelinated (A delta) fibers

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Slow pain

unmyelinated C fibers

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4

Difference between Type I and Type II A delta fibers

Type I respond to dangerously intense mechanical and chemical stimulation and have high heat threshold.

Type II have low heat thresholds, but high thresholds for mechanical stimulation.

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5

What is the touch pathway called?

Dorsal column-medial lemniscus system

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6

What is the pain pathway called?

Anterolateral system

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7

In the anterolateral system, the first order neuron is the

dorsal root ganglia

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8

pain pathway: decussation point

at spinal cord

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9

Describe the ascending and descending pain pathway

Descending systems modulate transmission of ascending pain signals. Ascending pain pathways carry pain signals from the site of the injury to the brain.

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10

How can we locate a unilateral spinal cord lesion?

by seeing which functions are lost (taking note of what crosses where) on which sides.

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11

Trigeminothalamic tract

face/head/teeth pain. crosses at medulla, trigeminothalamic tract to VPM

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12

Describe the visceral pain pathway

dorsal root ganglion cells to spinal cord. crosses at medulla, medial lemniscus to VPM.

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13

What is referred pain?

visceral pain misperceived as cutaneous pain

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14

Explain the gate theory of pain.

there are inhibitory neurons between A delta and C fibers. activation of A delta fiber (mechanoreceptor) activates the inhibitory neurons and take away from the C fiber (nociceptor) pain. So rubbing a pain can help lower perceived pain.

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15

What is the function of pain?

it works as an alarm that something is wrong

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16

peptides that bind to the same postsynaptic receptors as opium

endogenous opioids

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