Unit 2 Study Guide APWH

Economic innovations that led to expanded volume in trade

Paper money (China).

flying money (China): deposit money in one location, withdraw same amount in another.

bill of exchange: legal document promising payment for holder at set date in banking house.

Transportation innovations

camel saddle: used for different purposes like mounting on hump. most popular kind used it to hold more goods

lateen sail: triangular sail used to cut up wind and maneuver ships through wind

sternpost rudder: used to manuever ships

dhow: southwest asian ship. smaller than junks but fast due to lateen sails

junk: large han dynasty ship. slow but fit lots of cargo

caravenserai: inns dotted through silk roads that provide sustenance and fresh pack animals

cities and states that developed and grew due to trade

songhai (after mali empire, west africa): islamic state that had flourishing gold trade. connected west africa to north africa via trans-saharan trade.

timbuktu (mali): economic trade and Islamic scholarship city. helped spread Islam in west Africa

mali empire: powerful west African empire. known for wealth through gold trade

kashgar: located in western china where silk road routes crossed. it’s fertile for crops to feed people and had many artisans for a bustling market. originally buddhist, but became Islamic scholarship hub

samarkand: in present-day uzbekistan. center of cultural exchange and trade diverse religion and center of Islamic learning.

commodities from cities and states in Indian ocean, Silk Roads, and Trans-Saharan roads that contributed to growth in volume of trade

china: silk (luxury fabrics) and porcelain (lightweight yet strong material for art)

India: cotton (for textiles), steel, and spices

Malaysia (spice island): nutmeg, cinnamon, cardamom, and cloves

swahili coast: slaves, gold, ivory

southwest Asia: horses, figs, dates

diasporic communities

definition: communities of merchants and travellers from various parts of the world in one place. (ex: arab merchants staying in calicut and swahili coast cities)

significance: mostly located where trade routes meet. allowed cultural exchange to occur and goods to be traded. syncretic religions occurred, Islam spread this way.

Ways environmental knowledge contributed to trade growth

monsoon winds: knowledge of winds directions allowed merchants via maritime routes to easily maneuver their ships, making trade much quicker and efficient.