exam 1 review primates

the 5 mechanisms of evolution

geneflow

genetic drift

mutation

non random mating

natural selection

gene flow

1 population to another location

genetic variation

moving to other populations

genetic drift

random changes in allele frequency

chance event

stochastic - randomly occuring and impossible to predict

mutation

altering a part of genotyoe

non random mating

variation in preference

how males show off their physical traits to attract female partners

the sex that invests more in reproduction should be the one to choose their mate

natural selection

who are the 3 leaky trimates

jane goodall

dian fossey

beirute galikas

jane goodall

studied chimps

dian fossey

studied gorillas

beirute galikas

studied orangutans

define evolution

the change in allele frequency in a population over time

what are the 5 mammal traits

fur

warm blooded

3 mid earbones

milk

develops inside of the mother

fur

an insulation mechanism / retainin heat

important sensory role

warmblooded ness

constant body temperature

endothermy (thermal regulation)

leads to

-more efficient metabolism, oxygen intake, large lungs, efficient waste removing

3 mid earbones

ossicles

a definitive trait of a mammal (like the mha quirkless bone joint)

1 lower +1 upper jaw bone that connect to the stapes

producing milk

primary source of nutrition for infant mammals

oozing milk

developed inside of the mother

monotremes - lay eggs in pouch eg:platypus

marsupials - birth live young, carry in pouch eg:kangaroos

placentals/eutherians - placentas eg:elephants

what is change driven by

variation in fitness

what is fitness

reproductive success

adaptation

heritable traits

helps organisms survive

is the result of selection of a trait

artificial selection

differential fittness based on traits that people like

survival of the fittest

the persistance of alleles that are in organisms that reproduce

phenotype

physical characteristics

genotype

genetic code

what is speciation

a change so big that the species is now considered something else

classification based on the nature of spatiotemporal isolation

allopatric speciation

population seperated in space

eg: lemurs that became distincft species by going across the mozambeek channel

parapatric speciation

beside fatherland

edges of species range

small populations on edge become their own species.

sympatric speciation

together fatherland

single gene mutation. a small genetic change

what are the 3 intrinsic natures of speciation

differential

reproductive isolation

reinforcement

differenciation

diverging due to survival and reproduction

reproductive isolation

something happens to make matings between the individuals unlikely

reinforcement

isolating mechanisms strengthen, making successful mating between the types less and less likely

selection

different rates of survival and reproduction of traits

intrasexual competition

the concept that the sex that contributes more should be the one choosing the mate

sexual dimorphism

the characteristics that differenciate the sexes

endothermy

ossicles

monotremes

marsupials

placentals/eutharians

kays threshold

primitive

closely resembling the common ancestor to the group

derived trait

trait in an organism that was absent in the last common ancestor of the group considered.

apeared trait in the new organism but not the last ancestor

primitive/ancestral trait

trait present in organism and in the last common ancestor

what are the 12 primate features

5 fingered

opposable thumb/toe

nails

retention of clavicle

2 bones in forearm

reduced snout

generalized skeleton

generalized dental

boney eye socket

petrosal bulla

bigger brained

life history

forward facing eyes

pentydactyl

5 fingered

primitive trait

trait of a primafte

opposable thumb/toe

thumb can reach fingertips

allows for grabbing/grasping

humans lost opposable toe

trait of a primate

nails instead of claws

helps with grip, allowing grabbing

found on at least 1 digit of all primates

trait of a primate

retention of clavicle

greater range of motion than specialized

trait of a primate

2 seperate bones in the forearm and leg

radius/ulana in forearm

tibia/fibula in leg

allows for flexibility and turning

trait of a primate

reduced snout/olfaction

olfactory bulbs are smaller

faces are shorter and flatter

decreased reliance on smell

relying more on vision

trait of a primate

generalized skeleton

unspecialized skeleton

allowing for variation of locomotion

trait of a primate

generalized dentition

general teeth reflect varied diet

trait of a primate

bony eye socket

protects the eyes

trait of a primate

petrosal bulla

small bony cover that protects the inner ear

unique to primates

trait of a primate

expansion/increased complexity of the brain

reduced olfactory

increased cerebrum

trait of a primate

life history

longer lived than most mammals

born atricial opposed to precocial

trait of a primate

forward facing eyes

better depth perception but loss of total visual field

trait of a primate

rodentia

gnawing mammals

eg: squirrels, mice, rats

chiroptera

flying mammals

eg: bats

cetacea

aquatic mammals

eg: dolphins, whales

perchoscidea

trunks/tusked mammals

eg: asian elephants

altricial

born helpless

trait of a primate (humans)

precocial

born independent and not really helpless.

comparison to altricial (humans)

where are primates geographically mostly found

pantropical (near the equator)

what are subfossils

the fossils of an organism that is so recently extinct that you’re just finding bones and not the mineralized version of the bones

family: lemuridae

4 genera (eulemur, varecia, hapalemur, prolemur0

classic lemurs in treetops

omnivores mostly fruit

family: cheirogaleidae

dwarf mouse lemurs

5 generfa (microcebus,. cheirogaleus, mirza, phaher, allocebus)

noyau social systems

highly seasonal breeding

(they all ovulate at the same time for 10 hours annually)

family: lepilemunidae

1 genus (lepilemur)

sportive(easy to hunt)

mainly eats leaved

eats own feces

the ones that kind of just sit and stare at you

family: daubentoniidae

aye aye

early branch of primates

huge eyes and ears

long middle finger

teeth similar to beavers

noyau social systems

females stay with the offspring

family: indriidae

3 genera(indri, avahi, prophithecus)

sifaka

vertical clinging

leaping springlike legs

monogomous

extant

still living

polygyny

1 male mult females

polyandry

1 female mult males

polygynandry

promiscuous because its everybody mating with everybody