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Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO)
Office tasked with ensuring compliance with 38 National Detention Standards that cover critical areas of operation such as facility security, environmental safety, religious and medical services, access to visitation, telephones, legal information and representation, and group presentations on legal rights.
National Detention Standards (NDS)
Standards intended to safeguard the rights of immigrants who are processed and to ensure that appropriate, ethical, and legal standards of operation are maintained within immigration detention facilities.
Detention Management
Division of ICE responsible for oversight of detention centers. Ensures that facilities maintain safe, secure, and humane conditions of confinement.
Service Processing Centers (SPC)
Facilities operated by ICE and used to conduct intake, classification, and initial processing of undocumented migrants.
Contract Detention Facilities (CDF)
Facilities that are operated by contractors and house persons detained for immigration violations.
Smart Link
Facial recognition technology that allows participants to report compliance via an electronic app.
Government Accountability Office (GAO)
Oversees financial stewardship of most agencies in the federal government AKA the auditor for the federal government.
Chasing the Per Diem
The constant effort among private prison contractors to seek the highest price per person, per bed, that they can obtain.
Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA)
Authorizes and enhances federal programming, policy, and funding to combat human trafficking around the world.
Civil Law
The body of law that addresses disputes among private parties and citizens
Criminal Law
The body of law that defines crimes against the state and citizens afforded protection by the state and provides guidelines for the punishment of individuals who violate that law.
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
A federal law enforcement agency with the mission to prevent cross-border crime and illegal immigrants.
Undocumented Immigrant
An individual who has entered the United States illegally or has entered legally with the appropriate vise but that visa has since expired.
Fong Yue Ting v. United States
A landmark Supreme Court case that upheld the government's authority to deport undocumented immigrants without a hearing. Held that deportation was a civil rather than criminal sanctions and that deportation was not a punishment but an administrative proceeding.
Jennings v. Rodriguez
A Supreme Court case that addressed the detention of immigrants and determined that they could be held indefinitely without a bond hearing, including those who have permanent legal status and asylum seekers.
Chivalry Hypothesis
Contends that there is a bias in the criminal justice system against giving women harsh punishments
Victorian Era
Viewed women from a lens of inflexible femininity where women were to be considered pious and naive of the evils of the world.
Battered woman’s syndrome
When abused women show identifiable symptoms of trauma associated with domestic battering and psychological abuse.
Reformatories for women
Developed as an alternatives to the penitentiary’s harsh conditions of enforced silence and hard labor.
Patriarchy
A male-oriented and male-dominated social structure that defers to men and see women in a subservient position to men. Describes any social system where fathers tend to be considered the head of the family and where men tend to hold economic, political, legal, and social power.
Domestic Violence
Physical, emotional, or psychological abuse occurring between intimate partners, often characterized by a pattern of control and coercion.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
Strategy in which healthy people routinely take one or more antiretroviral drugs to reduce their risk of getting HIV
Collateral damage
Unintended harm
Glover v. Johnson
A landmark case addressing the treatment of female inmates, particularly regarding their rights and conditions of confinement in comparison to male inmates.
Little Hoover Commission
An internal state “watchdog” agency tasked with providing recommendations to the state governor and legislature in California
Custodial sexual misconduct
Any sexual act between correctional staff and inmates, even if it is consensual
SCOFF Eating Disorder Questionnaire
A five-question screening measure developed in the U.K. that assesses the possible presence of an eating disorder.
Offender with special needs
Specialized offenders who have some notable physical, mental, and/or emotional challenges. May also tend to be statistically unique compared with the remainder of the offender population and tend to be prone to recidivism.
Universal Design
Prison construction design that complies with ADA requirements and that accommodates all inmate needs in a universal fashion.
Greyhounds
Older inmates who have acquired respect within the offender subculture due to their track record, criminal history, and criminogenic ideals both inside and outside of prison.
Case management
Process where needs and challenges for an offender are identified and a plan is developed to clearly note how these issues will be addressed by the offender and/or assisting agencies.
Impairment
The loss of regular human functions. Can range from limitations of cognitive, emotional, and physical attributes.
Disability
A socially constructed concept that captures the relationship between the person with the impairment and the society in which he or she lives.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)
A reference manual that sets forth the guidelines in applying a diagnosis of a mental disorder.
Mental Illness
Any diagnosed disorder contained within the DSM-5
Ruiz v. Estelle
Supreme Court case that set several requirements for meeting minimally adequate standards for mental health care in a correctional environment.
Four standards of mental health care
Legal requirement for adequate health care also extends to mental health care.
Mood disorders
Disorders such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and dysthymic disorder.
Malingering
When inmates falsely claim and consciously fake symptoms of an illness. May do so to avoid being responsible for their behavior and to avoid certain consequences.
Vitek v. Jones
Supreme Court case that determined that a transfer of any inmate to a mental health hospital required, at a minimum, an administrative hearing to determine the appropriateness of such confinement.
Co-occurring disorders
When an offender has two or more disorders.
Therapeutic community
An environment that provides necessary behavior modifies that allow offenders immediate feedback about their behavior and treatment progress.
Good lives model (GLM)
Strengths-based rehabilitation model of sex offender treatment that was designed to augment the dual aims of risk reduction and well-being enhancement.
Primary human goods
Characteristics, states of mind, or experiences that individuals seek that are likely to result in higher levels of fulfillment and well-being.
Secondary goods
Means by which a person acquires or achieves primary goods, or the activities people engage in to meet their overall goals in life.
Good Life Plan
A guide and strategy to help achieve goals.
HIV/AIDS
A chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus.
Project H.E.L.P
A program designed to provide support and resources for individuals affected by HIV/AIDS, focusing on education, health care access, and community engagement.
Turner v. Safley
A landmark Supreme Court case that addressed that a regulation or procedure was valid if it could be shown to be “reasonably related to legitimate penological interests”
First-time older offender
Those who commit their first offense later in life.
Habitual older offender
Have a long history of crime and also have a prior record of imprisonment throughout their lifetime.
Offender turned older in prison
Inmates who have grown old in prison who have long histories in the system.
