The Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems Final Test

The final quiz in the third unit, The Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems, in the course Animal Anatomy and Physiology 2 at Penn Foster College.

The heart is located in the thoracic cavity in the space between the lungs, called the

mediastinum

Which vessel carries blood to the head?

Carotid artery

The membrane that covers the lungs is called the

pleura

Why can excessive changes in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood be detrimental to an animal?

Carbon dioxide levels and blood pH are correlated

The amount of air that passes through the respiratory system in a complete breath is the

total volume

An opening between the right and left atria that's present in fetal mammals is the

foramen ovale

Which diagnosis indicates than an animal has scarring of the lungs?

Fibrosis

The carotid bodies and aortic bodies are __________ in the carotid arteries and the aorta.

chemoreceptors

The cranial vena cava and the caudal vena cava empty into which chamber of the heart?

Right atrium

Three main functions of the nasal passages are

humidifying, filtering, and warming air

How do cardiac pacemaker cells generate an electrical current?

Channels in the cell membrane allow sodium, calcium, and potassium ions to cross the cell membrane

The inner layer of a blood vessel is the

endothelium

Normal cardiac rhythm is determined by which of the following?

Sinoatrial node

The __________ represents the amount of blood that the left ventricle pumps in a single contraction

stroke volume

The atria are much __________ compared to the ventricles in animal's hearts

smaller and less muscular

What's the function of the atrioventricular node?

Pass electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles

The ductus arteriosus in a fetus allows blood to flow directly

into the aorta from the pulmonary artery

The majority of the heart is its muscle layer, called the

myocardium

The atria sits at the __________ of the heart

base

Which statement best summarizes the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation?

Pulmonary circulation takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated, systemic circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the entire body.