Ancient Rome

3 groups found in Ancient rome

Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans

Latins

lived in the region of Latium

Latins

People from the ancient country of Latium, an area in what is now the country of Italy.

Latins

first to build communities in one of the seven hills of rome: palatine hill

Latins

Group of Indo-Europeans who settled in Central Italy

Greeks

Arrived at italy (2nd)

Greeks

established colonies along southern Italy and Sicily

Etruscans

natives of north italy

Tarquin Family

Etruscan family that ruled Rome for a century.

Forum

Rome's public meeting place

Forum

plaza or center of political, social and commercial life of the romans where they led competitions and elections

Tarquin the Proud

Last king of Rome

Tarquin the Proud

The last of the Roman kings who was known for his abusive rule. He was finally driven from the throne in 510 B.C., and led the Romans to declare they would never again be ruled by a king.

Tarquin the proud

Last Tarquin King was cruel and made the Romans never want a king again.

Republic

A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting

Republic

"res publica"

2 classes in ancient roman society

particians and plebians

particians

wealthy landowners and most powerful group

particians

nobles and owners of huge land

plebians

Members of the lower class of Ancient Rome including farmers, merchants, artisans and traders

plebians

Common people of Rome

Consuls

The two most powerful officials in Rome

Consuls

governed every aspect of roman society with limited power and served for a year

veto

to reject

veto

meaning: "i forbid"

consuls

cannot second term within 10 years

consuls

has the power to reject or veto the decisions of his co-consul

consuls

elected by a senate

senate

A group of 300 men elected to govern Rome in the Roman Republic.

senate

A council of representatives

senate

most influencial group leaders of rome

senate

can appoint a dictator in times of crisis

dictator

A ruler who has complete power over a country

dictator

a leader who speaks and rules with total power

dictator

ruled an army

dictator

only serves for 6 months

Land Owners

a person who owns land, especially a large amount of land.

Legions

large groups of Roman soldiers

Legions

groups of up to 6,000 soldiers

Legionaries

Roman soldiers

Centuries

smaller units of a legion

centuries

60-120 legionaries

Tribunes

made up of 10 members that had the power to make law for plebians

Twelve Tables

Completed in 449 BCE, these civil laws developed by the Roman Republic following demands by plebeians.

Reason of tribunes and twelve tables

plebian protesting

3 ways of expansion of roman power

1.) romans started expanding their power by conquering it's neighbor territories. (Italian Peninsula and Po Valley)

2.) Become the most powerful in the Mediterranean (control trade)

3.) went to sicily (portrayed an important part for their imperialistic aims

Sicily

Largest island in Mediterranean sea

Sicily

important part for the imperialistic aims of rome

1st Cause of Punic War

conflict between rome and carthage for the control of sicily and west mediterranean

Punic

Roman word for "carthaginian"

Sicily

republic's first province outside the peninsula

cartage

Present day Tunisia

cartage

colony of Phoenicia

cartage

built a strong empire in the mediterranean region

Hannibal

desire to revenge the defeat of carthage from Rome

Hannibal

Carthaginian general

Hannibal

led an army with more than half a hundred thousands soldiers and half a hundred elephants.

Scipio

Roman General and Consul

scipio

Roman general who defeated Hannibal

2nd cause of 2nd Punic War

Hannibal Decieving the Romans

3rd cause of the 3rd Punic War

incitement of Cato to "destroy Carthage"

Cato

the Roman senator who feared Carthage would grow too strong and ended every speech with a cry, "Carthage must be destroyed!"

Mare Nostrum

(our sea) the Mediterranean to the ancient Romans

143 BCE

burned the city and sold its 5000 inhabitants to slavery

Latifundia

huge estates bought up by newly wealthy Roman citizens

Latifundia

in Latin America, large agricultural estates owned by families or corporations

Cause of the big gap between the rich and the poor

implementation of latifundia

Tiberius and Gaius

Gracchus brothers

Tiberius

proposed the reduction of the size of latifundia and the distributions of excess lands to the poor

Gaius

Supported the return of the lands to the peasants and the lowering of the price of grain

Gaius Marius and Lucious Cornelius Sulla

took power after gaining the loyalty of soldiers in exchange for promises of land and money

Lucius Cornelius Sulla

declared himself as dictator after he won a war against Gaius Marius

Triumvirate

a political institution ruled by 3 individuals

3 generals in the 1st triumvirate

Julius Caesar, Mmarcus Licinius Crassus, Gnaeus Pompeius

Julius Caesar

become a consul in rome and appointed himself as governer of Gaul (france)

Gaul

France

Julius Caesar

managed to defeat pompey's armies

Julius Caesar

also became a dictator and declared as dictator in perpetuity

Gnaeus pompeius

known as pompey

Gnaeus pompeius

urged the senate to order caesar to disband his legion and return to rome by himself

reforms that caesar issued

granting of citizenship to those who resided in the provinces of rome

helping poor people by creating jobs

establishing of colonies to give lands to the landless

augementing wagers of soldiers

Marcus Brutus Junius and Gaius Cassius Longius

led the senators against caesar

March 15 44 BCE

Death of Julius Caesar

3 supporters of caesar

octavian, mark antony, lepidus

Octavian

gran nephew and adopted son of Caesar

Octavian

Made rom the most powerful empire in the whole mediterranean region

Octavian

later named "agustus caesar"

Agustus

"the great"

Mark Antony

a general who was inlove w queen cleopatra of egypt

lepidus

powerful politician who was forced to retire

imperator

supreme military commander

battle of actium

octavian won against mark and cleopatra who killed themselves

pax romana

roman peace

latin

official languange of the roman empire

greek

commonly use language in roman empire

rights of women

women enjoyed more freedom (properties and work) but did not have the right to vote

rich romans

recieved private education

rich romans

studied geometry, astronomy, philosophy, and oration

commoners

were taught writting, reading, and arithmetic

cicero

roman senatore who wrote speeches and books on rhetoric