Chapter 1 Introduction to Law Enforcement

Law enforcement is a _______________ profession

Service-oriented

What are the three main roles an officer while assume while on duty?

Supporter, stabilizer, and enforcer

What is the function of the supporter role?

To help people who are grieving, hurt, or experiencing a personal tragedy

What is the function of the stabilizer role?

To help those who are struggling to remain calm

What is the function of the enforcer role?

To make arrests and maintain order by giving lawful commands when deemed necessary.

What is emotional intelligence?

Having the ability to identify and cope with your own emotions while also doing the same for the people around you

How can you strengthen your emotional intelligence?

Engaging with community members and genuinely listening to them.

- Achieve a passing score of 80% on each of the end-of-course examinations

- Demonstrate proficiency in DUI Traffic Stops

- Demonstrate proficiency in the High Liability courses

- Participate in the Physical Fitness Program

To complete the Florida Basic Recruit Training Program, recruits must:

How many attempts do you have to pass the State Officer Certification Examination (SOCE)

Three attempts

- Meet all the minimum requirements and standards

- Complete the approved basic training

- Pass the State Officer Certification Examination

- Be actively employed with a law enforcement agency in an auxiliary, part-time, or full-time sworn officer position.

To become certified (sworn) as a law enforcement officer, you must complete the following:

How long do you have from the start of your basic recruit training to complete the certification process?

Four years

How does the Florida Statutes define good moral character?

Having a history of fairness, honesty, and respect for the rights of others as well as the laws of this state and nation

What does nolo contendere mean?

When a person does not accept or deny responsibility for the charges but agrees to accept punishment

Under Florida law, the ______ must revoke your certification if you are convicted of, plead guilty or nolo contendere to, or are found guilty of any felony offense, even for a withholding of adjudication or suspension of sentence

CJSTC

What does the system of criminal justice involve?

The maintenance and enforcement of criminal laws and includes the structures, functions, and decision-making processes of the agencies that deal with the management and control of crime and criminal offenders

What are the three main components of the criminal justice system?

Law enforcement, the court system, and corrections

What is law enforcement?

Enforces laws, maintains civil order, and protects the constitutional rights of everyone within the United States.

What is the court system?

Responsible for the interpretation of laws

What is corrections?

Enforces punishment and provides rehabilitation services as defined by the court system

What are the four levels of law enforcement agencies?

Local/municipal, county, state, and federal

What do local/municipal law enforcement agencies do?

Enforce the ordinances of the municipality as well as state laws within the jurisdiction of the agency

What do county law enforcement agencies do?

Enforce county ordinances and state laws within the county (including unincorporated areas), oversee the county jail, and handle civil processing

What do state law enforcement agencies do?

Enforce state laws within the state

What do federal law enforcement agencies do?

Enforce federal laws across state lines and within the states

What are county jails?

Facilities where arrestees go through booking procedures, arrestees await trial, and convicted offenders serve a year or less detention

What are juvenile assessment/detention centers?

Facilities that handle processing and pretrial detention of juvenile arrestees

According to Florida Statutes, what is a juvenile?

Any person younger than 18

What are prisons (federal and state)?

Correctional institutions that are maintained by the federal and state governments for confining convicted felons

What is the purpose of probation and parole?

They serve as alternatives to incarceration

What is probation?

A sentence placing a person under the supervision of a probation officer for a specified length of time instead of confinement

What is parole?

The release of an inmate from a correctional institution before the conclusion of their court-imposed sentence.

What is a complainant?

The person who reports the crime or alleges that a crime has been committed

What is a witness?

Any person who has information about some element of the crime or about evidence or documents related to the crime.

What is a victim?

A person or entity that suffers an injury as a result of a crime

What is a confidential source?

A person who provides information in confidence about a crime, either from a sense of civic duty or in the expectation of some personal benefit or advantage, and whose identity is normally not disclosed unless required by law.

What is a person of interest?

Someone involved in a criminal investigation who has not been arrested or formally accused of a crime

What is a subject?

A known person accused or suspected of committing a crime.

What is a suspect?

A person believed to have committed a crime

What is an arrestee?

A person who is under arrest or who has been arrested

What is a defendant?

A person formally accused of committing a crime or a civil wrong in a court proceeding

What is an offender?

A person convicted of a crime in a court of law

What is chain of command?

The order of authority within an organization

What is the typical rank structure in a law enforcement agency?

Sheriff/chief of police, undersheriff or chief deputy/deputy chief of police, colonel, major, captain, lieutenant, sergeant, corporal, deputy/officer/trooper

What is vertical communication?

A term for information from the agency head that flows down through the supervision levels to the lowest levels of the organization.

What is horizontal communication?

Communication across a level of the organization to employees on the same level within the chain of command

What is insubordination?

A violation that is often the result of failing to follow orders.

What is delegation of authority?

When a person with authority grants decision making authority to another person

What is procedural justice?

AN approach that focuses on carrying out justice in a fair and equitable manner

What are the four main pillars of procedural justice?

Fairness and consistency of application, voice and representation in the process, transparency and openness of the process, and impartiality and unbiased decision-making

To practice procedural justice in your daily police work, it helps to remember the LEED framework. What does LEED stand for?

Listen, explain, equity, and dignity

What is police legitimacy?

Happens when the community views law enforcement as fair, morally obligated to administer the law, and a legitimate authority of power

Research shows that police legitimacy is more effective at stopping crime than traditional deterrence, such as _________________

Fines or prison sentences

What is ethics?

The standards of conduct based on the principles of right and wrong defined by society

What is bribery?

Occurs when you accept something for your benefit that influences your professional conduct or decision-making

What is perjury?

The offense of lying in court after taking an oath

Perjury is a _____ in proceedings such as testifying in court or giving a deposition

Felony

What is a conflict of interest?

A situation, on or off duty, in which an officer is in a position to personally benefit from actions or decisions made in their official capacity.

What is a gratuity?

Anything of value intended to benefit the giver more than the receiver

What is a hostile work environment?

A workplace that is difficult or uncomfortable to work in because of a harasser's behavior.

What is quid pro quo?

A Latin phrase that means "something for something"

What is sexual harassment?

Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature

Sexual harassment includes _________ and ____________ behavior as well as physical actions

Verbal, non-verbal

What is the EEOC?

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; responsible for enforcing Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

What is bias?

The unfair treatment and attitude toward a group of people, and it is considered unethical behavior

What is unbiased policing (fair and impartial policing)?

The equal treatment of any person you stope, question, search, detain, or arrest, regardless of the person's race, ethnicity, religion, gender, presentation, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, national origin, homeless status, mental or physical disability, age, or other self-defining characteristics

When you practice unbiased policing, you make decisions based on __________ and __________ rather than emotions and predetermined ideas of a person

Evidence, data

What is explicit bias?

Someone who is aware of their dislike of certain groups of people and might be openly hateful and biased in their actions

What is implicit bias?

A bias or prejudice that is present but not consciously held or recognized

How is implicit bias developed?

Because of images in the media, a lack of exposure to diverse groups of people, and other societal factors

What is stereotyping?

Judging a group of people who are different from you based on your own or others' opinions or encounters

What is prejudice?

An unjustified and baseless attitude toward a person because of their membership in a social group

What is discrimination?

Occurs when people choose to act on their prejudices

What is stress?

The physical or emotional reactions to an event or situation

What does the fight-flight-freeze response consist of?

Fight- the body prepares to face danger head on

Flight- the body prepares to get away from a dangerous situation

Freeze- the body fails to react

What are the three general categories of stress?

Routine stress, acute stress, traumatic stress

What is routine stress?

Happens on a daily basis and is a normal part of life

What is acute stress?

Is often short-lived and occurs when you experience unexpected changes in your life

What is traumatic stress?

Occurs during major events like war, disasters, incidents of assault, or other events when you feel your personal safety or the safety of others is in danger.

What is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

a severe anxiety disorder that develops after experiencing an extremely stressful event such as war, physical violence, or a natural disaster

What is hypervigilance?

One of the symptoms of PTSD, which is a sense of always being on guard that can make it difficult to disengage from a stressful situation

Other symptoms of PTSD include:

- Irritable or aggressive behavior

- Reckless or self-destructive behavior

- Problems with concentration

- Difficulty falling or staying asleep, or restless sleep

Traumatic stress has ___________ consequences

Medical

___________ and __________ stress responses include temporary increasers in anxiety, tension, and irritability

Routine, acute

____________ stress responses may include depression or suicidal thoughts

Long-term

What is resilience?

The capacity to effectively cope with stress, trauma, and other serious problems.

What is secondary trauma (vicarious trauma)?

When a person is exposed to the trauma of others and develops physical or mental impacts

What is compassion fatigue?

the emotional exhaustion that comes from helping others on a long-term basis

What is stigma?

A set of negative and unfair beliefs that a society or group of people have about something