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What is migration (2)
1: Gene flows from one pool to another
Seasonal movement of animals
what is gene flow?
migration→ movement of genes from one pool to another
How is gene flow conducted?
Dispersal - seeds and pollen travelling by wind, new populations mixing w existing populations (juveniles)
what does gene flow do to allele frequencies
homogenize them, make both populations the same
what does gene flow do to evolutionary divergence
makes it not occur because of homogenization
can gene flow increase or decrease mechanisms of evolution?
decrease
Lake Erie Water Snakes examples
two alleles one smooth and one unbanded, unbanded snakes show up in islands but smooth ones are dominant on main land, they can travel to these island and get eaten up by hawks but banded ones survive, but because the snakes move to islands there is gene flow and that allele persists
What is eqm frequency of alleles
eqm frequency of alleles is where different alleles of a population is added together and the average is the eqm frequency and they share alleles w each other
what is fst and affect of gene flow on it
fst is fixation of an allele and looks at 2 different populations and is from 0 to 1: 0 being no fixation and 1 being fixed
What is genetic drift
genetic drift is caused by chance and at randoom
impact of genetic drift in population sizes
in low pop sizes, genetic drift can drastically change allele frequencies
what does genetic drift lead to (2)
Decreased genetic variation
what is effective pop size
What is probability of fixation?
probability of fixation is equal to the initial allele frequencies
Events that cause genetic drift (2)
bottleneck
founder effect
Difference between founder and bottleneck
founder: happens whena small population moves and goes someweher eelse
bottle: happens when population decreases in one place
Types of non random mating (4)
1: Inbreeding
2: Outbreeding
3: Positive assortment mating
4: Negative assortment mating
What does non random mating affect
Non random mating affects genotypic frequecnies
What does non random mating increase
Non random mating increases homogenity
What is inbreeding depression
Inbreeding depression are when recessive deleterious alleles persist in the population
ow can inbreeding depression happen (2)
how to escape extinction vortex
Increase population size and get rid of selection pressure
Florida panthers example
Mated with pumas to increase heterozygote advantage
