Week 2 - Body tissues & cavities, hereditary, Function of DNA

Nucleoside

Nitrogenous Base + Sugar

Nucleotide

Nitrogenous Base + Sugar + Phosphate

Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA)

Many nucleotides linked together

DNA

used in growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses

RNA

code for production of a protein

Purine

Adenine and Guanine

pyrimidine

Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil

Dog Chromosomes

39 pairs - 78 total

Cat Chromosomes

19 pairs - 38 total

phenotype (or trait)

A visible feature or function caused by a gene

Dominant Allele

A

Recessive Allele

a

Homozygous dominant genotype

AA

Heterozygous genotype

Aa

Homozygous recessive genotype

aa

4 main types of body tissues

Epithelial, Muscle, Connective, and Nervous

Body Tissue - Epithelial

covers the surface of the body and organs/cavities within it.

ex. Simple cuboidal, Simple squamous, Simple columnar, Ciliated, Stratified, transitional

Body Tissue - Connective

supports and holds organs and tissues in place

ex. blood, cartilage, bone, Hematopoietic tissue, Adipose, Areolar tissue, Fibrous connective tissue

Body Tissue - Muscle

ex. Skeletal (Found in the skeleton), Smooth (blood vessels, digestive tract, respiratory tract, bladder, uterus), and Cardiac (only found in the heart)

Body Tissue - Nervous

transmits nerve impulses from one area to another

ex. Main cell: Neurons

3 body cavities

Thoracic, Abdominal, and Pelvic

Thoracic Cavity contains:

Heart and lungs

The abdominal cavity contains:

the organs of the digestive system and related glands

The pelvic cavity contains:

the urinary bladder, the rectum, and the reproductive organs

Visceral peritoneum

covers the organs

Parietal peritoneum

lines the abdominal walls

peritoneal fluid

allows friction-free movement of the organs