The Agony of Reconstruction (1865–1877)

Flashcards reviewing key facts and concepts from the lecture notes about the Reconstruction Era, designed in a fill-in-the-blank format.

__ was a famous Black leader who escaped slavery by taking a Confederate ship to the Union.

Robert Smalls

Smalls supported __, __, and __.

education, civil rights, and helping Black families buy land

Reconstruction gave Black leaders power, but this ended due to and .

white supremacy and violence

Reconstruction brought big changes in __, __, __, and __.

labor, family, government, and ideas about freedom

__ quickly reunites the country and protects only freedom from slavery.

Minimal Reconstruction

__ replaces Confederate leaders with loyal ones and gives freed slaves full citizenship rights.

Radical Reconstruction

Lincoln’s __said that when 10% of voters swore loyalty and accepted emancipation, they could form a new government.

Ten Percent Plan

Congress passed the __ , requiring 50% loyalty oath and excluding those who supported the Confederacy.

Wade-Davis Bill

Lincoln __ the Wade-Davis Bill because he wanted flexibility.

pocket vetoed

__ became president after Lincoln’s assassination in 1865.

Andrew Johnson

Southern states had to ratify the __ (ending slavery) to be readmitted to the Union.

13th Amendment

New laws called __ restricted freed Blacks.

Black Codes

In 1866, Johnson vetoed the extension of the __.

Freedmen’s Bureau

Congress passed the __ to guarantee equal rights and national citizenship.

Fourteenth Amendment

The __ ended slavery.

Thirteenth Amendment

The __ guaranteed due process and equal protection under the law.

Fourteenth Amendment

The __ gave Black men the right to vote.

Fifteenth Amendment

The __ divided the South into 5 military districts.

First Reconstruction Act

Johnson was __ in 1868 for breaking the Tenure of Office Act.

impeached

__ replaced contract labor, where freedmen farmed land for a share of the crop.

sharecropping

The __ sought to enforce racial separation in public places.

Black Codes

The southern __ , formed in 1867, was a coalition of carpetbaggers, scalawags, and black voters.

Republican Party

__ was a former slave and Union soldier who held public office during Reconstruction.

Robert Smalls

Freed slaves claimed rights through politics, institutions, and __.

Claiming Public and Private Rights

The __ made it illegal to deny male citizens the right to vote based on race, color, or past slavery.

Fifteenth Amendment

From 1868–1872, the __ used violence to block Black voting and restore white rule.

Ku Klux Klan

The __ gave Hayes presidency in exchange for ending federal intervention in the South.

Compromise of 1877

__ were southern elites who took power after Reconstruction.

Redeemers

__ was a black leader who saw Reconstruction as a betrayal of black rights and urged black emigration to Africa.

Henry McNeal Turner