LECTURE 6 FISHERY INDUSTRY

Aim of fisheries industry are

1. To ensure adequate supply

2. To guarantees the ability of the people to get fish as a source of protein in the diet

Subsector of Fisheries Industry

Food fish sector and non-food fish sector

Food fish sector includes

• Marine capture Fisheries

• Inland fisheries

• Aquaculture fisheries

non-food fish sector includes

Ornamental fish

Marine capture fisheries can be categorized into two main types:

1. Coastal or inshore fisheries

2. Deep sea fisheries

Coastal or inshore fisheries

• operate within 30 nautical miles from the coastline

• The main focus of fishing activities 

• Reached their maximum level of exploitation

• The main species are pelagic species

• Eg : shrimp, indian mackerel, round scad, squid, Tuna, anchovies, ox-eye scad

Deep sea fisheries

• operate beyond 30 nautical miles from the shoreline

• Target demersal/benthic species

• Fishers have increasingly moved further offshore and into deep-sea regions

• Advances in technology made it easier to exploit resources at great depths

Types of pelagic species

Types of Demersal species

Inland fisheries

• “Inland waters" => lakes, rivers, brooks, streams, ponds, inland canals, dams, and other land-locked (usually freshwater) waters 

• important role to play in the global challenge to sustainably feed this growing population in a manner of accessible and affordable. 

• important source of nutrition, food security, micronutrients.

Types of Inland Species

What is invasive species?

an organism that is not indigenous, or native, to a particular area.

How invasive species has been introduced?

• by human activity (deliberately or accidentally) to geographic areas outside its native range

• caused ecological or economic impacts in that location

Impact of Invasive Species

• new and spread outbreaks of diseases.

• Disrupt biodiversity balance of natural habitat

• Will be dominant and reproduce in natural aquatic habitats

• Great economic losses to farmers

Examples of Invasive Species (Prohibited for import into Malaysia)

What is aquaculture?

Aquaculture is the breeding, rearing, and harvesting of fish, shellfish, plants, algae, and other organisms in all types of water environments.

Main Purpose of Aquaculture in Malaysia

• To increase fish production for food security

• To support economic growth and export earnings.

• Restoration of threatened and endangered species population.

• Wild stock population enhancement

• Habitat restoration

Why aquaculture can increase fish production for food security?

✔ Meet the growing domestic demand for fish and seafood.

✔ Reduce dependence on capture fisheries.

Why aquaculture can help support economic growth and export earnings?

✔ contributes significantly to Malaysia’s agriculture GDP.

✔ shrimp, grouper, tilapia, and catfish have potential export to other countries.

Why aquaculture can help the Restoration of threatened and endangered species population?

✔ Supports the preservation of genetic diversity through broodstock banks.

✔ Breed endangered species in controlled environments.

How aquaculture can enhance Wild stock population?

✔ Juvenile fish or larvae are raised in hatcheries and then released into natural ecosystems.

How aquaculture can help restore habitat?

✔ Some aquaculture projects are linked with habitat restoration like:

⮚ Mangrove replanting

⮚ Artificial reef

There are a few types of aquaculture

• Mariculture

• Freshwater

• Barckish water

• Seaweed farming

Mariculture

the farming of aquatic plants and animals in salt water.

Freshwater aquaculture

culture of aquatic species within a freshwater environment

Brackish Water

a mixture of fresh and salty water which usually occurs in estuaries

CULTURE SYSTEM

• open system

• semi-closed systerm

• closed system

• Integrated system

Characteristics of Open System Farming

• The oldest aquaculture systems.

• Use of environment as fish farm

• Does not require water to be pumped out of a sea or a lake

• The organism to be cultured are kept in the sea or lake

• Eg: clams tray, oyster rafts and fish cages

Advantages of Open System Farming

• Capital expenses are low – land can be leased from some government agency.

• Less management

• Less time to spent to monitor.

• organisms – natural and uncrowded culture environment.

Disadvantage of open system farming

• Predation and poaching of culture organism.

• Rate of growth and uniformity of the yields are variable.

cage culture in open system farming