Acids, Bases, and Salts

Bases

Bases are substances that react with acids to form a salt and water.

Types of bases

Bases are: 1. Metal oxides (e.g., magnesium oxide - MgO) 2. Metal carbonates (e.g., calcium carbonate - CaCO₃) 3. Metal hydroxides (e.g., sodium hydroxide - NaOH) 4. Metals (e.g., magnesium - Mg)

Metal oxide base example

Magnesium oxide (MgO)

Metal carbonate base example

Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃)

Metal hydroxide base example

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Metal that acts as a base

Magnesium (Mg)

Salt from hydrochloric acid

Chloride (HCl)

Salt from sulfuric acid

Sulfate (H₂SO₄)

Salt from nitric acid

Nitrate (HNO₃)

Salt from phosphoric acid

Phosphate (H₃PO₄)

Hydroxide ion

OH⁻

Carbonate ion

CO₃²⁻

Ammonia formula

NH₃

Ammonium ion

NH₄⁺

Hydrogen carbonate ion

HCO₃⁻

Formation of a salt

A salt is formed when an acid is neutralized by a base.

Naming a salt

1. The first part comes from the metal in the base. 2. The second part comes from the acid used.

Neutralization reaction example

Potassium hydroxide + nitric acid → Potassium nitrate

Metal and acid reaction

Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen gas Example: Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl₂(aq) + H₂(g)

Alkali and acid reaction

Alkali + Acid → Salt + Water

Acids

Acids are compounds that contain the element hydrogen.

Base definition

A base is a metal oxide.

Alkali definition

A base that dissolves in water to form a solution.