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Perception, motor planning, motor execution, feedback, biomechanics.
What does quality motor control require?
b. Sitting up upright.
Which of the following primarily involves use of Postural tone?
a. Side laying without rolling over.
b. Sitting up upright.
c. Holding a book for 5 minutes with arm extended.
d. Picking up a penny.
d. Primitive reflex.
When a baby turns their head to the left, and their left arm a leg extend in the same direction (ATNR), this is an example of:
a. Righting reaction.
b. Equilibrium reaction.
c. Protective extension.
d. Primitive reflex.
e. Selective movement.
a. Righting reaction.
You reach over to your right while in your chair to grab a book but begin to fall over. You automatically adjust your trunk and head to compose yourself and prevent from falling over. This is an example of:
a. Righting reaction.
b. Equilibrium reaction.
c. Protective extension.
d. Primitive reflex.
e. Selective movement.
c. Protective extension.
You reach over to your right while in your chair to grab a book but begin to fall over. As you fall, you instinctively reach out with your arm. This is an example of:
a. Righting reaction.
b. Equilibrium reaction.
c. Protective extension.
d. Primitive reflex.
e. Selective movement.
e. Selective movement.
All of the following occur on an unconscious level, except:
a. Righting reaction.
b. Equilibrium reaction.
c. Protective extension.
d. Primitive reflex.
e. Selective movement.
a. Flaccidity.
Which of the following means no muscle tone?
a. Flaccidity.
b. Hypotonicity.
c. Spasticity.
d. Rigidity.
b. Hypotonicity.
Which of the following means low muscle tone?
a. Flaccidity.
b. Hypotonicity.
c. Spasticity.
d. Rigidity.
e. Hypertonicity.
Which of the following means excessive muscle tone and resistance?
a. Flaccidity.
b. Hypotonicity.
c. Spasticity.
d. Rigidity.
e. Hypertonicity.
Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS).
What scale is used to assess and score muscle tone?
c. Spasticity.
Which of the following is hypertonicity dependent on velocity
a. Flaccid.
b. Hypotonicity.
c. Spasticity.
d. Rigidity.
d. Rigidity.
Which of the following is hypertonicity independent of velocity?
a. Flaccid.
b. Hypotonicity.
c. Spasticity.
d. Rigidity.
a. 0.
At what level on the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) would a person with flaccid muscle tone score?
a. 0.
b. 1.
c. 1+.
d. 2.
e. 3.
f. 4.
c. Crossed extension reflex.
When a person is about to trip over, but they automatically extend the opposite leg to prevent from falling, what reflex did they just use?
a. Tonic labyrinth reflex.
b. Positive supporting reflex.
c. Crossed extension reflex.
d. Plantar grasp reflex.
d. Plantar grasp reflex.
You noticed something bush up against the bottom of your foot and automatically curl your toes. What reflex was activated?
a. Tonic labyrinth reflex.
b. Positive supporting reflex.
c. Crossed extension reflex.
d. Plantar grasp reflex.
Palmar grasp reflex.
An OT brushes their clients palm in order to facilitate flexion of the palmar muscles and fingers. What reflex are they stimulating?
Ataxia.
Uncoordinated movement typically associated with cerebellar dysfunction.
Adiadochokinesia.
The inability to perform two separate actions on opposite sides of the body or perform alternating movements.
Dysmetria.
A visual perceptual and motor issue typically associated with cerebellar dysfunction causing inability to accurately judge distance required for coordination.
Dyssynergia.
The inability to make smooth movements due to dysfunction of muscle coordination; movements are abrupt/jerky.
Tremors.
Involuntary, rhythmic muscle contractions leading to shaking movements of the body.
Nystagmus.
Rapid involuntary movements of the eyes caused by vestibular dysfunction.
Dysarthria.
Discoordination of speech caused by motor dysfunction of the tongue and jaw.
a. CN 5.
e. CN 12.
What cranial nerves would be associated with Dysarthria?
(choose all that apply)
a. CN 5.
b. CN 7.
c. CN 9.
d. CN 10.
e. CN 12.
Choreiform movements.
Involuntary, jerking or writhing movements associated with Huntington's disease.
Athetoid movements.
Involuntary, slow, writhing movements associated with Cerebral Palsy.
Spasm.
A sudden, involuntary muscle contraction that can be caused by dehydration, fatigue, or SCI.
Dystonia.
A movement disorder characterized by muscle tone dysfunction.
Coordination, smoothness, & any signs of pathology.
Through evaluating Motor Control, what things are we looking for?
Muscle tone.
Through evaluating Motor Control, what things are we feeling for?
Facilitate normal, inhibit abnormal.
Facilitate _______ movements, and inhibit _______ movements.
c. NDT.
All of the following are considered Models of Practice (or lens), except:
a. MOHO.
b. Kawa.
c. NDT.
d. PEOP.
e. COPM.
c. Frame of Reference.
At what level of practice would testing a client's biomechanics fall under?
a. Theory.
b. Model of Practice.
c. Frame of Reference.
c. Neglect.
Which of the following is a visual-perceptual deficit?
a. Hemianopsia.
b. Agnosia.
c. Neglect.
d. Hemiplegia.
Preparatory.
The Rood approach is most appropriate at what stage of intervention?
a. Rood.
Facilitation and inhibition is a concept most closely associated with which of the following approaches?
a. Rood.
b. Brunnstrom.
c. Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT).
d. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF).
Normal muscle tone.
According to the Rood approach, what is a prerequisite to movement?
Developmental, from proximal to distal.
Accord to Margaret Rood, treatment begins at what level of functioning?
Re-education of muscular response.
Why is repetition necessary according to Margaret Rood?
a. Rood.
"Motivation enhances purposeful movement" is an assumption most closely associated with which of the following Frames of References?
a. Rood.
b. Brunnstrom.
c. Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT).
d. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF).
Reciprocal Inhibition.
Using the Rood approach, what concept would you emphasize with a patient who doesn't use the proper protective response when falling?
1. Reciprocal inhibition,
2. Co-Contraction,
3. Heavy work, &
4. Skills.
According to the Rood approach, list the following sequence of motor development in order:
Co-contraction,
Skills,
Reciprocal inhibition, &
Heavy work.
Faciliatory.
What muscle function(s) is stimulated with tapping, vibration, or applying cold on a muscle, according to the Rood approach?
a. Facilitatory.
b. Inhibitory.
c. Either.
Inhibitory.
What muscle function(s) is stimulated with warmth, slow rolling, deep pressure, & prolonged stretch, according to the Rood approach?
a. Facilitatory.
b. Inhibitory.
c. Either.
c. Either.
What muscle function(s) is stimulated with neutral warmth and weight bearing, according to the Rood approach?
a. Facilitatory.
b. Inhibitory.
c. Either.
False.
The Rood approach alone is able to improve motor function and is relevant still to this day.
True or False?
True.
According to both the Rood approach and PNF, intervention should be proximal to distal.
True or False?
CVA (stroke).
The Brunnstrom approach to intervention was primarily focused on treating people with what condition?
b. Brunnstrom.
The idea that the brain undergoes "evolution in reverse" is attributed to which approach?
a. Rood.
b. Brunnstrom.
c. Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT).
d. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF).
Stage 1; no movement.
According to the Brunnstrom Recovery Stages, at what level would a person who's limbs are flaccid be rated?
Stage 2; basic synergy.
According to the Brunnstrom Recovery Stages, at what level would a person who has begun to demonstrate spasticity and have difficulty relaxing be rated?
Stage 3; voluntary synergy.
According to the Brunnstrom Recovery Stages, spasticity is severe at this stage:
Stage 4; Non-synergy combinations.
According to the Brunnstrom Recovery Stages, spasticity begins to decline at this stage.
Stage 5; Difficult movement combinations.
According to the Brunnstrom Recovery Stages, spasticity almost gone at this stage.
Stages 2 to 5.
Between what stages within the Brunnstrom Recovery Stages is a patient demonstrating some level of spasticity?
Stage 6; Coordination Reappears.
At what level within the Brunnstrom Recovery Stages is a person's movement considered normal?
e. All of the above.
Which of the following approaches are developmental-based and hierarchical in nature?
a. Rood.
b. Brunnstrom.
c. Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT).
d. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF).
e. All of the above.
f. None of the above.
d. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF).
This approach is involved with diagonal movement.
a. Rood.
b. Brunnstrom.
c. Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT).
d. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF).
e. All of the above.
f. None of the above.
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF).
Dr. Herman Kabat initiated this approach to intervention in the 1950's and became very popular in the 80's & 90's.
a. D1 flexion.
Which PNF diagonal movement pattern is being used when a person is brushing their hair on the opposite side?
a. D1 flexion.
b. D1 extension.
c. D2 flexion.
d. D2 extension.
b. Doing a push up.
Which of the following movements is considered isometric in relation to the limbs?
a. Swinging a baseball bat.
b. Doing a push up.
c. Waving a flag.
d. Lifting a dumb bell.
Concentric.
This type of movement goes against gravity.
Eccentric.
This type of movement is a slow release with gravity.
b. D1 extension.
d. D2 extension.
Which of the following PNF movements is the distal forearm positioned inferiorly to the shoulder joint?
(choose all that apply)
a. D1 flexion.
b. D1 extension.
c. D2 flexion.
d. D2 extension.
a. D1 flexion.
c. D2 flexion.
Which of the following PNF movements is the distal forearm positioned superiorly to the shoulder joint?
(choose all that apply)
a. D1 flexion.
b. D1 extension.
c. D2 flexion.
d. D2 extension.
b. D1 extension.
d. D2 extension.
Which of the following PNF movements is the forearm internally rotated?
(choose all that apply)
a. D1 flexion.
b. D1 extension.
c. D2 flexion.
d. D2 extension.
a. D1 flexion.
c. D2 flexion.
Which of the following PNF movements is the forearm externally rotated?
(choose all that apply)
a. D1 flexion.
b. D1 extension.
c. D2 flexion.
d. D2 extension.
Manual contact.
What PNF procedure are you using when you put your hands on the correct location on the body of the patient with the correct amount of pressure to facilitate the correct movement?
Stretch.
Which PNF procedure would you use to initiate voluntary movement, and enhance speed and strength; considering the rotary components of the body.
Wrist,
Elbow, &
Shoulder.
When you lean forward with your hands on the table, what joint(s) are you approximating?
Wrist,
Elbow, &
Shoulder.
When you pull on a person's arm, what joints are your applying traction to?
False.
Traction is a valuable technique to use on a patient with low muscle tone.
True or False?
Maximal Resistance.
The greatest amount of resistance that can be applied to an active contraction while allowing the full ROM or isometric contraction.
c. NDT.
d. PNF.
Which of the following intervention approaches would we use for both assessment & intervention?
(choose all that apply)
a. Rood.
b. Brunnstrom.
c. NDT.
d. PNF.
a. Rood.
Which of the following treatment approaches would we use for intervention only?
a. Rood.
b. Brunnstrom.
c. NDT.
d. PNF.
b. Brunnstrom.
Which of the following treatment approaches would we use for assessment only?
a. Rood.
b. Brunnstrom.
c. NDT.
d. PNF.
1. Patterns of movement,
2. Muscle tone,
3. Body alignment (symmetry), &
4. Stability & mobility from trunk to limbs.
Using PNF, what things would we be looking for during assessment of a patient?
1. ROM, &
2. Strengthening & endurance of daily tasks.
Using PNF, what things would we be promoting during intervention for a patient?
Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT).
This approach is known as the "Bobath" technique.
Quality; Relearn.
The goal of NDT is to improve the ______ of movement, and to __________ normal movement patterns.
c. NDT.
Which of the following approaches is least likely to teach compensatory techniques as a goal of treatment (discouraged)?
a. Rood.
b. Brunnstrom.
c. NDT.
d. PNF.
c. NDT.
Which of the following approaches would you want to use to inhibit primitive reflex?
a. Rood.
b. Brunnstrom.
c. NDT.
d. PNF.
c. Outpatient rehabilitation.
What clinical setting would an OT practitioner who specializes in using the NDT approach to intervention most likely work at?
a. Acute care ICU.
b. Inpatient rehabilitation.
c. Outpatient rehabilitation.
d. Skilled Nursing Facility.
c. NDT.
Which of the following approaches to treatment minimizes passive movement?
a. Rood.
b. Brunnstrom.
c. NDT.
d. PNF.
1. The whole body,
2. Abnormal motor movements, &
3. Context of functional activities.
Using the NDT approach as a frame of reference, what are the things to look for during an assessment?
Core balance (symmetry).
Using the NDT approach as a frame of reference, what are the things to work on during preparation for an intervention?
1. Facilitation/ inhibition handling,
2. Closed vs. Open chain movements, &
3. Functional activities.
Using the NDT approach as a frame of reference, what are the things to work on during an intervention?
Task Oriented Approach (TOA).
This approach to intervention is occupation-based and client-centered in achieving motor recovery through occupational performance with real objects and environments.
Problem solving.
What does TOA focus on to complete tasks.
Match.
For the TOA approach, task demands must _______ the person's capabilities.
Constraint-Induced Movement Theory.
This approach to intervention is known as "forced use."
c. TOA.
d. CIMT.
Which of these approaches are derived from the Dynamic Systems theory (heterarchical)?
(choose any that apply)
a. PNF.
b. NDT.
c. TOA.
d. CIMT.
a. Acute care ICU.
In what clinical setting would you least likely use CIMT as an approach to intervention?
a. Acute care ICU.
b. Inpatient rehabilitation.
c. Outpatient rehabilitation.
d. Skilled Nursing Facility.
Some movement.
A patient must have what in order to benefit from CIMT?
6 hours.
How long must a patient use a mitt or sling on the non-affected upper limb per day for effective task practice?
Slow reversal.
Which PNF isotonic contraction technique is used to overcome rigidity and improve balance of antagonists?
Stabilizing reversals.
Which PNF isotonic contraction technique is used to increase stability, balance, and muscle strength?
