Adult Development and Aging Final

Social Clock

Personal timetable by which we measure our development progress

Primary aging

Aging process not related to disease

Sequential research

Research that follows multiple cohorts longitudinally

Trend Analysis

Research that uses the same methods to examine similar populations at dif points in time

Functional decline

Changes from aging that reach a practical threshold

Occipital

Contains visual processing system

Parietal

Manage sensation, handwriting, and body poisition

Frontal

Contains problem solving and judgementTem

Temporal

Memory and hearing

Time of Measurement

Doing a survey of nutrition on Fast Sunday

Age Effect

How things change over time?

Number of lymphocytes

Number stays the same, efficiency decreases

Declines with age

Rate of oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange in lungs, transmissiveness of eyes, hearing, neurotransmitters, body. heigh in later life, incidence of substance abuse, bone mass, overall production of antibodies, probability of having an acute disease, overall size of the brain, incidence of anxiety, level of testosterone in men, sexual satisfaction

Increases with age

Tangles, body weight from 20’s through mid 50’s, probability of becoming diabetic, incidence of cognitive impairment, incidence of vertigo, incidence of osteoarthritis, probability of ED

Endorphin

Pain killer

Serotonin

Plays large role in regulation of mood, appetite, memory, and learningA

Acetylcholine

Enhances memoryEp

Angina Pectoris

Oxygen supply to heart is insufficientC

CVA

Blood flow to part of brain is cut offH

Hypertension

High blood pressure

Myocardial infarction

Blood supply to heart is cut off

Atherosclerosis

Disease caused by buildup of fat deposits and calcification of the arterial wallsW

Leading cause of death in old people?

Cardiovascular disease

As people age, their immune system looses ability to recognize native and foreign substances and produces antibodies that attack the body itself

AutoimmunityTi

A longitudinal study is susceptible to what kind of effect

Time of measurement

Cross sectional studies are susceptible to what effect?

Cohort effect

fMRI measures…?

Activity of the brain

What two cortexes are involved in higher order executive functions such as the ability to make and carry our plans, with between tasks, and maintain attention?

Prefrontal and frontal cortex

Most deadly form of cancer for men and women

Lung

Beta amyloids are what?

COPD is a cluster of ___ diseases?

Respiratory

MRI

Looks at highly detailed anatomical structure of the brain

Life expectancy for women now

80S

Substances that prevent oxygen from combining to form free radicals are known as

Antioxidants

Main cause in Womens sexual functioning with age

Decrease in estrogen

Main cause in mens sexual functioning with age

Lack of blood in genital area

The four forces of aging are?

Biological, psychological, sociocultural, and life cycle (all of the above)

What part of the neuron is a branched tree like structure that received info from the terminal button?

Dendrite

Controls for both cohort effect and time of measurement effect?

Sequential

Dementia that is characterized by sudden onset, stepwise progression, with relative short duration is called

Vascular dementia

Which of the following is NOT true about Alzheimer’s disease?

Risk is not related to age

Most common drugs to treat depression

SRI’sA

Alzheimer’s has an average duration of

8 years

After the age of 65, depression rates are best characterized as a

Shallow modest U shaped curve

Avg life expectancy for men in 1900’s

46

Avg life expectancy for women in 1900’s

48

Avg life expectancy for men

74

What percentage of the US elderly have Alzheimer’s disease?

10.7%

Haflict Limit theory; each time cells divide, what shortens and leads to cell death?

Telomeres

Basic statistic for meta analysis

Effect size

Most common cause of delirium?

Side effects from medicine

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for having a stroke?

Being white

What is not part of FAST in determining if someone has had a stroke?

Can’t make eye contact

Primary mental abilities after midlife

Decline

Crystallized intelligence (knowledge)

IncreasesF

Fluid intelligence

Declines

Creativity after middle ageq

Declines

Holland’s types of personality types and careers

Realistic, enterprising (salespeople), artistic, social, investigative, conventional (bankers)

Order of retirement stages

Preretirement, actual retirement, disenchantment, reorientation, routine

Short term memory

Remember lots of info for a few seconds to few hours

Sensory memory

new incoming info is first registered

Working memory

holding info for current ue

Long term memory

Info lasts indefinitely

Memory types that deteriorates with age

Efficiency of working memory, encoding info into memory, retrieving info from memory, flashbulb memories, ability to recall info from episodic memory

Memory types that have no change with age

Storage of info in memory, semantic memory

Basic assumption of person environment interactions is that

Behavior is a function of the person and the environment

Laura lives in an area in which women are frequently victims of violent crimes, but she recently retired. In terms of the competence and environment press model, she has what?

High competence

Approximately what percent of the population over 65 is living in a nursing home facility?

4%

Odds that the average older person will spend at least some time in a nursing home are about what?

50%

Facility which provides assistance with personal care such as help with medication, housekeeping, laundry, meals but not regular medical care is

Assisted living

Typical nursing home resident is most likely

Single, white, woman

Primary mental abilities used to study intelligence are grouped together at a more abstract level to form

Secondary mental abilities

Piaget is associated with which main approach to studying intelligence?

cognitive structural

Reflective judgment, dealing with dilemmas and learning to work with relativistic scenarios are all examples of what stage of cognitive structural thinking?

Post formal operational

According to the age discrimination act of 1986, people over the age of what are legally protected against age discrimination?

40

What aspect of leisure actives remains constant across adulthood?

The type pursued

Research indicates the primary cause of normal memory declines with age Is decreased because of

Working memory becomes less efficient

Wisdom does what with age?

Unrelated to age, it is dependent on experience more than age

One of the personality theorists argued that some personality characteristics such as feminism/masulinity and introversion/extroversion, change and trend towards balance during adulthood. Who was it?

Jung

Which of the following is most accurate?

Although older adults experience declines, their performance in mental abilities is still within normal range

Kotre expanded on the idea of generatively to include five aspects. Which refers to being or doing something that transcends death?

Agentic

According to Whitbourne’s identity theory, adults develop a gae plan for how they want their lives to go. This is a

Scenario

Ex of fluid intelligence

Knowing which letter goes next “z, a, y, b”

Which of the following I sa social variable implicated in reducing rates of intellectual decline

Having a stimulating marriage

Four major stages of career

Exploration, establishment, maintenance, deceleration

Two important aspects to choosing a career

Fit with personality and interests, self efficacy

Research indicates that the greatest deterioration in reaction time is ?

Decision time

Amount of info that a person can process at one time is called

Attentional capacity

Which of the following statements about hospice is NOT true

Treatment is only focused on the dying person

What functions do funerals serve

Activate support system, bring closure to the family

When high income people retire, what proportion of their income comes from social security?

25%

Removing the feeding tube of a person in a persistent vegetative state is a form of

Passive euthanasia

Bulk of the research on aging effects of personality traits indicates that

personality traits are relatively stable over a person’s life

What is the greatest predictor of life satisfaction following retirement?

Financial wellbeing or health

Correct order of ERikson’s stages during adulthood

Identity confusion, intimacy isolation, gereativity stagnation

Which situation best characterizes a negative spillover effect rather than work-family conflict

Critical supervisor

What effect do children becoming adolescents have on marital satisfaction

Generally no change

What effect does retirement after the initial adjustment have on marital satisfaction

Generally no change

What effect does the first years after launching a last child have on marital satisfaction

Generally increase

Longitudinal research has found that the most common pattern of marital satisfaction over the life course is

High stable