Summer HW Test (08/28)

Abdominal

belly or guts

abdominopelvic cavity

division of the anterior ventral cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera

acromial

top of shoulder

adipose tissue

a type of connective tissue that stores fat and provides insulation and cushioning for organs

anatomical position

standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body

anatomy

science that studies the form and composition of the body structures

Antebrachial

forearm

Antecubital

inside of elbow

anterior

describes the front or direction toward the front of the body also referred to as ventral

A and P or body plane

a two dimensional line that divides the body into two parts there are three basic body planes

atom

smallest unit of an element that retains the unique properties of that element

Axillary

armpit

basement membrane

a thin fibrous layer of extracellular matrix that separates epithelial tissue from underlying connective tissue providing support and anchoring the epithelium

Brachial

Arm the portion of the upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow

Buccal

cheek

Calcaneal

heel

Carpal

wrist

caudal

describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper near or toward the tail in humans the coccyx or lowest part of the spinal column also referred to as inferior

cell

smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms in animals a cell contains cytoplasm composed of fluid and organelles

Cephalic

head or brain region

Cervical

neck

connective tissue

a diverse group of tissues that support bind and protect other tissues and organs in the body including bone blood and adipose tissue

connective tissue membrane

membrane that surrounds organs and structures providing support and protection

control center

compares values to their normal range deviations cause the activation of an effector

coronal or frontal plane

vertical division of the body into front anterior and back posterior portions

Coxal

hips

cranial

describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper also referred to as superior

cranial cavity

division of the posterior dorsal cavity that houses the brain

crural

shin anterior

cutaneous membrane

the largest epithelial membrane commonly known as the skin that covers and protects the body

deep

describes a position farther from the surface of the body

diaphragm

skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is dome shaped

Digital

fingers or toes

distal

describes a position farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

dorsal

describes the back or direction toward the back of the body also referred to as posterior

Dorsal cavity

includes the cranial and vertebral cavities

ectoderm

the outermost layer of the three primary germ layers in an embryo which differentiates into tissues such as skin and nervous system

effector

organ or tissue that causes a change to reverse or amplify a stimulus

endoderm

the innermost layer of the three primary germ layers in an embryo which develops into tissues such as the digestive tract lining and respiratory system

epithelial membrane

a membrane composed of epithelial tissue attached to connective tissue that covers body surfaces and lines cavities

epithelial tissue

tissue sheets that cover exterior body surfaces line internal cavities and passageways and form glands

facial

face

Femoral

thigh

frontal plane

divides the body into front and back or anterior and posterior sections

Gluteal

buttock region

gross anatomy

study of the larger structures of the body typically with the unaided eye also referred to as macroscopic anatomy

hallux

big toe

homeostasis

steady state of internal physiological conditions that living organisms maintain

inferior

describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper near or toward the tail also referred to as caudal

Inguinal

groin

lamina propria

a layer of connective tissue that supports the fragile epithelial layer in mucous membranes

lateral

describes the side or direction toward the side of the body

lower limb

leg portion of the body

Lumbar

lower back

Mammary

breast

medial

describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body

mental

chin

mesoderm

the middle layer of the three primary germ layers in an embryo which gives rise to muscle bone blood and serous membranes

microscopic anatomy

study of very small structures of the body using magnification

molecule

two or more atoms bonded together forming chemical building blocks

mucous membrane

epithelial membrane lining cavities that open to the exterior producing mucus for protection and lubrication

muscle tissue

tissue composed of cells that contract to produce movement categorized into skeletal cardiac and smooth

Nasal

nose

negative feedback

homeostatic mechanism that reverses a deviation from a set point to return body conditions to normal range

nervous tissue

tissue specialized for transmitting electrical impulses throughout the body composed of neurons and neuroglia

oblique plane

divides the body or an organ at an angle

Occipital

posterior region of the head

Olecranal

posterior pointy part of the elbow

Oral

mouth

Orbital

eye

organ

functionally distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissues

organ system

group of organs that work together to carry out major physiological functions

organelle

tiny functional unit within a cell enclosed by cellular membranes

otic

ear

palmar

palm of the hand

Patellar

anterior knee region

pedal

foot

Pelvic

basin region including coxal and sacral areas

pelvic cavity

inferior division of abdominopelvic cavity containing urinary bladder reproductive organs and rectum

pericardial cavity

cavity within the mediastinum that encloses the heart

phalanges

fingers or toes

physiology

science that studies the chemistry biochemistry and physics of body functions

plantar

sole of the foot

pleural cavity

thoracic cavity division containing a lung

pollex

thumb

Popliteal

posterior knee region

positive feedback

homeostatic mechanism that intensifies or accelerates a change in physiological condition until a definite end point is reached

posterior

describes the back or direction toward the back of the body also referred to as dorsal

prone

body orientation lying face down

proximal

describes a position in a limb nearer to the point of attachment or trunk

regional anatomy

study of all structures contributing to a specific body region

Sacral

tailbone area between the hips

sagittal plane

vertical plane dividing the body into right and left portions

Scapular

shoulder blade region

sensor

component of a feedback system that monitors a physiological value and reports to the control center

serous membrane

thin double layered membrane lining closed internal body cavities that secretes lubricating fluid

set point

physiological target value around which a normal range fluctuates to maintain homeostasis

Sternal

breastbone area

superficial

describes a position closer to the surface of the body

superior

describes a position above or higher than another body part also referred to as cranial