Blood Clots, Hemorrhage, and Anemia Flashcards

Flashcards on blood clots, hemorrhage, and anemia

Circulatory System

Contains arteries and veins, including capillaries.

Blood Components

RBCs, white blood cells, and platelets.

Blood Clot Formation

Interruption of blood flow.

Dislodged Clot

Can travel to the heart, brain, or lungs.

Impact of Blood Clots

Disrupt blood flow and reduce tissue oxygenation.

Psychosocial Impact of Blood Clots

Anxiety and potential PTSD due to the scary event.

Risk Factors for Clots

Immobility, older age, and post-operative status.

Clinical Presentation of PE

Pulmonary Embolism.

Myocardial Infarction

Heart attack caused by a clot.

D-dimer Test

Lab test to detect blood clots.

Role of the Nurse (Blood Clots)

Acknowledge needs, address environmental/safety concerns, and educate clients.

DVT

Deep Vein Thrombosis, usually in the lower extremities.

Risk Factors for DVT

Dehydration.

Long-term complications of DVT

Psychophysiological or psychosocial issues.

Prevention of DVT

Compression stockings or boots post-surgery patient.

Elderly patients and anticoagulation therapy considerations

Risk of falls and head injuries.

Clinical Presentation of DVT

Redness and swelling in the lower extremity.

Diagnostic Test for DVT

Venous Doppler and contrast phenography.

Nursing responsibilities post-op in relation to blood clots

Monitor patients for shortness of breath and chest pain.

At risk patients for blood clots

Labor and delivery.

Hemorrhage (bleeding)

Volume loss.

Adults tolerance for blood loss

14%.

Orthostatic Hypotension

Drop in blood pressure upon standing.

Co-morbidities

The simultaneous presence of two chronic diseases or conditions in a patient.

Clinical Presentation of Hemorrhage

Coughing or vomiting blood (hemoptysis), or frank blood in vomit.

Bright Blood

Bright red blood, indicating an active bleed.

Role of the Nurse (Hemorrhage)

Identify the source of the bleeding.

Anemia

Red blood cells are pale

Clinical Presentation of slow blood loss

Low hemaglobin.

Pica

Craving and chewing substances that have no nutritional value, such as ice, dirt, or paper.

Iron Deficiency Treatment

Iron pills.

Iron Infusion

Quick way to increase iron without side effects, can cause allergic reaction.

Iron Pills Side Effects

Nausea.

Iron Infusion Considerations

May require pre-medication due to allergic reactions.

IDA

Iron Deficiency Anemia.

Symptoms of Anemia

Shortness of breath and fatigue.

Lab Test for Anemia

CBC (Complete Blood Count).

Dietary Considerations for Anemia

Eat iron-rich foods.

Populations at Risk for IDA

Pregnant women and vegetarians.

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Can cause increased risk of falls in the elderly.

Clot

Mass of coagulated blood.

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

Capillaries

Small blood vessels that connect arteries and veins.

Platelets

Cell fragments in the blood that help with clotting.

Oxygenation

The process of adding oxygen to the blood.

Thrombosis

Formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel.

Hematologist

A doctor who specializes in blood disorders.

Anticoagulation Therapy

Use of medication to prevent blood clots.

Warfarin

An anticoagulant medication (blood thinner).

Venous Doppler

Ultrasound test to examine blood flow in veins.

Hemoptysis

Coughing up blood.

GI Bleed

Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.

Prenatal Vitamins

Vitamins taken during pregnancy to ensure adequate nutrition for mother and baby.

Iron Rich Foods

Dietary sources of iron, such as meat, beans, and leafy greens.

Frank Blood

Visible, obviously fresh blood.

Hypotension

Low blood pressure.

Bradycardia

Slow heart rate.

Tachycardia

Rapid heart rate.

Dyspnea

Difficult or labored breathing.

Diaphoresis

Excessive sweating.

Ischemia

Reduced blood flow to tissue, leading to oxygen deprivation.

Necrosis

Tissue death due to lack of blood supply.

Embolism

Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other foreign matter.

Thrombolysis

Breakdown of a blood clot.

Phlebitis

Inflammation of a vein.

Edema

Swelling caused by fluid accumulation.

Cyanosis

Bluish discoloration of the skin due to low oxygen levels.

Palpitations

Awareness of one's own heartbeat, often described as rapid or irregular.

Syncope

Fainting or loss of consciousness due to reduced blood flow to the brain.

Post-Op Patient

Patient who has undergone a surgical procedure.

Diagnostic Studies

Studies performed to help determine a patient's diagnosis.

PT (Prothrombin Time)

A test to measure how quickly blood clots.

PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time)

A test that measures the time it takes for blood to clot.

CBC (Complete Blood Count)

A blood test to evaluate overall health and detect a wide range of disorders, including anemia and infection.

Venography

Also known as contrast venography, this is an x-ray test that uses an injection of contrast material to help visualize the veins.

Compression Stockings

Elastic stockings designed to support veins and increase circulation in the legs.

Anticoagulant

A drug that prevents blood clotting.

Hemorrhage

Excessive bleeding.

Anemia

A condition in which there is a deficiency of red blood cells or of hemoglobin in the blood, resulting in pallor and weariness.

Hemoglobin

A red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates.

IDA

Iron deficiency anemia is a common type of anemia — a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells.

Thrombosis

Local coagulation or clotting of the blood in a part of the circulatory system.

Thrombus

A blood clot formed in situ within the vascular system of the body and impeding blood flow.

Pulmonary Embolism

A blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs.

Edema

A condition characterized by an excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body

Fall risk

Susceptibility to events that cause a person to fall.

Infarction

The obstruction of the blood supply to an organ or region of tissue, typically by a thrombus or embolus, causing local death of the tissue.

Pallor

An unhealthy pale appearance.

Fatigue

Extreme tiredness, typically resulting from mental or physical exertion or illness.

Dizziness

A sensation of spinning around and losing one's balance.

Hemodilution

Increased fluid content in the blood, resulting in a decrease in the concentration of red blood cells.

Vegetarian

A person who does not eat meat, poultry, or fish.

Nutrition Facts

Information on serving size, calories, nutrients, and ingredients contained in food and beverages.

Etiology

The cause or set of causes of a disease or condition.

Red Blood Cells

The oxygen-transporting component of blood.

Vaso-occlusive Crisis

Medical condition when sickled red blood cells occlude blood vessels, causing local ischemia and pain.

Coagulopathy

A condition in which the blood's ability to clot is impaired.

Hematoma

A solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.

Thrombocytopenia

Deficiency of platelets in the blood. This causes bleeding into the tissues, bruising, and slow blood clotting after injury.