Community Health Nursing Overview

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, models, roles, and concepts from the Community Health Nursing lecture.

Community Health Nursing (CHN)

A field of nursing that delivers care to individuals, families, and communities with emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention.

Community/Public Health Nursing (CPHN)

Specialized nursing practice focused on promoting and protecting the health of populations through empowerment and preventive strategies.

Health Promotion

Activities aimed at improving well-being and enhancing health potential before disease occurs.

Disease Prevention

Actions designed to avoid or reduce the risk, onset, or progression of illness.

People Empowerment

Enabling individuals and communities to take control of decisions and actions affecting their health.

Hierarchy of Nursing Practice Fields

Organization of nursing specialties that includes community/public health, mental health, maternal–child, and adult health nursing.

Health Belief Model (HBM)

Rosenstock’s psychological model explaining and predicting health behaviors based on individual attitudes and beliefs.

Perceived Susceptibility

An individual’s belief about the likelihood of getting a disease or condition.

Perceived Severity

Belief concerning the seriousness of contracting an illness or leaving it untreated.

Perceived Benefits

Belief in the advantages of the advised action to reduce risk or seriousness of impact.

Perceived Barriers

Belief about the tangible and psychological costs or obstacles to the advised action.

Cues to Action

Triggers that stimulate the decision-making process and health behavior change.

Self-Efficacy (HBM)

Confidence in one’s ability to successfully perform the recommended health action.

Milio’s Framework for Prevention

Theory stating that population behaviors result from limited or dictated choices influenced by resources, culture, and policy.

Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM)

Model viewing health as a positive dynamic state; focuses on factors motivating individuals to pursue well-being.

Personal Factors (HPM)

Individual characteristics such as age, BMI, and interests that influence health-promoting behaviors.

PRECEDE-PROCEED Model

Green & Kreuter’s planning model guiding assessment, implementation, and evaluation of public health programs.

Predisposing Factors (PRECEDE)

Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs that influence motivation toward a behavior before intervention.

Enabling Factors

Environmental or personal resources that facilitate or hinder behavior change.

Reinforcing Factors

Rewards, feedback, or social supports that follow behavior and influence its continuation.

Process Evaluation

Assessment of whether program activities are implemented as planned.

Impact Evaluation

Measurement of the immediate effects of an intervention on targeted behaviors or environments.

Outcome Evaluation

Determination of long-term program effects on health status or quality of life.

Primary Prevention

Strategies that prevent the onset of disease or injury, e.g., immunization, seatbelt laws.

Secondary Prevention

Early detection and prompt treatment of disease to halt or slow progression, e.g., screenings.

Tertiary Prevention

Actions to soften the impact of ongoing illness and restore optimal function, e.g., rehab programs.

Occupational Health Nursing

Specialty focusing on promotion, prevention, and restoration of workers’ health within safe workplaces.

Health Hazard

Workplace element that can cause disease, such as chemicals or biological agents.

Safety Hazard

Unsafe condition or act increasing risk of injury, e.g., unguarded machinery.

Ergonomic Hazard

Workplace factors like repetitive motion or poor posture that strain the musculoskeletal system.

Psychosocial Hazard

Job-related stressors such as bullying or long shifts affecting mental well-being.

Administrative Control

Policy or procedural changes (e.g., job rotation) that reduce worker exposure to hazards.

Engineering Control

Physical modifications (e.g., sound-proofing, ventilation) that isolate people from hazards.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Supplied items (gloves, masks, eye shields) that reduce exposure or susceptibility to hazards.

School Nursing

Nursing specialty providing health services, education, and advocacy within educational settings.

Faith Community (Parish) Nursing

Combination of nursing and spiritual care aimed at holistic health promotion within faith groups.

Correctional Nursing

Provision of health care and health promotion within jails or prisons to maintain a safe, humane environment.

Entreprenurse

Nurse engaged in independent or cooperative health-related business ventures (e.g., wellness clinics).

Community

A group of people with common interests, culture, or location who interact and share a sense of unity.

Urban Community

Large, densely populated area with modern infrastructure; typically >2,500 residents.

Suburban Community

Residential area on the outskirts of a city with lower density and lower housing costs than urban centers.

Rural Community

Sparsely populated area where agriculture predominates and health services are limited.

Healthy Community

Community characterized by empowerment, participation, effective communication, and problem-solving capacity.

Population Group (Aggregate)

Group sharing common characteristics or exposures that result in similar health needs.

Social Justice in CPHN

Allocation of resources and services to benefit all, promoting equitable health care.

Social System

Patterned relationships among individuals, families, institutions affecting community health.

Levels of Clientele

Hierarchy of CHN clients: individual, family, population group, community.

Individual (Client)

Single person, sick or well, receiving nursing services.

Family (Client)

Two or more related individuals who interact, share a household, and maintain a common culture.

Community Health Nurse Roles

Multifaceted functions including care provider, manager, educator, organizer, and advocate.

Planner/Programmer

Nurse role that identifies needs and formulates health plans, especially where no physician is present.

Provider of Nursing Care

Direct clinical care to sick or disabled clients in homes, clinics, schools, or workplaces.

Manager/Supervisor

Organizes workforce, resources, and implements health programs at the local level.

Community Organizer

Stimulates community participation in planning, implementing, and evaluating health services.

Coordinator of Services

Links individuals and families to health-related resources and multidisciplinary programs.

Health Monitor

Detects deviations from healthy behaviors through visits and screenings.

Change Agent

Motivates individuals and communities to adopt healthier behaviors and environments.

Trainer/Health Educator

Assesses training needs and conducts education for health workers and the public.

Role Model

Nurse exemplifies healthy living for community members.

Recorder/Reporter/Statistician

Maintains accurate records, reports, and data presentations for health programs.

Principles of Health Education

Guidelines emphasizing relevance, participation, motivation, cooperation, and continuous evaluation in teaching health.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

17 UN goals addressing global issues like poverty, health, education, and environment by 2030.

Poverty

Socio-economic condition limiting access to health requisites, leading to poorer health outcomes.

Culture

Shared beliefs, values, and practices influencing health behaviors and perceptions.

Environment & Health

Physical, chemical, and biological surroundings that directly affect population health.

Politics & Health

Impact of government policies, budgets, and laws on access to health services.

Philippine Health Care Delivery System

Network of public (tax-funded) and private (market-oriented) organizations providing health services in the Philippines.

Public Health Nursing Philosophy

Commitment to promoting the worth and dignity of all people through common good and social justice.

Health (WHO Definition)

State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely absence of disease.

Ecology-Oriented Practice

CHN approach that considers diverse settings—homes, schools, workplaces—as environments affecting health.

Consumer Investment

Concept that patients are partners responsible for active participation in their own health.

Comprehensive Care

Womb-to-tomb nursing services addressing the full spectrum of health needs.

Preventive Service Focus

Continuous search for risk factors and early interventions to reduce vulnerability to disease.

Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS)

DOLE regulations outlining workplace safety and health requirements in the Philippines.

RA 11058 (OSH Law)

Philippine law strengthening compliance with occupational safety and health standards.

DOLE Department Order 198-18

Implementing rules and regulations of RA 11058.

RA 11036 (Mental Health Act)

Law promoting mental wellness, including provisions for workplaces.

Health Screening

Systematic assessment to detect early signs of disease among populations.

Health Risk Assessment

Identification and analysis of factors that could negatively affect health in a specific setting.

Workplace Wellness Program

Organized employer initiatives (e.g., smoking cessation, fitness challenges) to improve employees’ health.

School Deworming Program

Mass treatment of students to reduce parasitic infections and improve nutrition.

WASH in Schools

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene initiatives to promote healthy school environments.

Community Mental Health Nursing

Delivery of mental health assessment, treatment, and rehabilitation services within community settings.

Health Care Delivery System (HCDS)

Comprehensive structure of services, personnel, and institutions providing health care to a population.

Macro-Framework of CHN

Model linking health systems, clientele, sociopolitical factors, and nursing practice.

Empowerment

Process of enabling people to gain control over decisions and actions affecting their health.

Night­ingale’s Environmental Theory

Idea that nursing promotes health by modifying and manipulating the environment.

Virginia Henderson’s Self-Reliance Concept

View that community nursing helps people achieve independence in meeting health needs.

Population-Focused Interventions

Strategies aimed at improving health outcomes of groups, aggregates, or entire communities.

Social Determinants of Health

Economic, environmental, and political factors influencing health beyond individual behaviors.

Health Education Auxiliary Aids

Supplementary materials (posters, videos, models) used to enhance verbal instruction.