Hosa Dental Terminology 2

superior alveolar nerves (ASA, MSA, PSA)

what nerve supplies maxillary arch

inferior alveolar nerve

what nerve supplies mandibular arch

to hold cells and tissues together, regulate transport of water, nutrients and electrolytes

functions of extracellular matrix is...

keratin

what is found in skin, oral mucosa, and mucous membranes of body

basal cells

deepest layer of ET - cube shaped cells attached to the basal lamina

basal lamina

thin tough extracellular matrix that separates the ET cells from underlying nerve tissue

desmosome

button like adhesion discs that connects 2 neighboring ET cells and their cytoskeleton toghether

hemidesmosomes

a half desmosome that connects that epithelial basal cells to the basal lamina (cell to lamina connection)

rete pegs

deep CT extensions causing stippled appearance

vertical bone loss

uneven loss of bone

horizontal bone loss

even bone loss

ligature tie

used to secure the arch wire within the bracket

separator

a device made from wire or elastic used to wedge molars open prior to fitting and placement of orthodontic bands

cephalometric radiograph

an extraoral radiograph of bones and tissues of the head

mesioclusion

- another term for class II malocclusion

overjet

the excessive protrusion of maxillary incisors is diagnosed

Auxillary

attachments located on brackets and bands that hold arch wires and elastics in place

Crowding

condition that occurs when teeth are not properly aligned with the arch

Ligature

light wire used to hold the arch wire in its bracket

Maloclusion

any deviation from Class I occlusion

Seperator

device made from wire or elastic and used to seperate molars before fitting and placement of ortho bands

Panorex

panoramic view of both upper and lower jaw

Esthetic

pleasing to the eye

Class II Malocclusion

condition also referred to as distoclusion

Class III Malocclusion

also known as the bulldog bite

malocclusion

any deviation from normal occlusion

headgear

an appliance used in orthodontics to control growth and tooth movement

fetal molding

deformation of jaw caused by position of baby in fetus

closed bite

overbite

interceptive orthodontics

space maintainers used in growing children

open bite

incisors do not pass one another on the vertical axis

prognathia

developmental malocclusion

preventive orthodontics

appliances to maintain space

debride

scraping away

gingivectomy

surgical removal of gum tissue

gingivitis

inflammation of the gums

gingivoplasty

surgical repair of the gums

necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

an infection of the gums

pericoronitis

inflammation around the crown of a partially erupted tooth

periodontics

specialty that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of the periodontium

periodontosis

advanced inflammation and destruction of the gingiva

sublingual calculus

calculus deposited below the gingiva

sulcus

space between the free gingiva and the tooth

supragingival calculus

calculus deposited above the gingiva

Bracket

a small device bonded to teeth to hold the arch wire in place

Auxiliary

attachments located on brackets and bands that hold arch wires and elastics in place

Cross-bite

condition that occurs when a tooth is not properly aligned with its opposing tooth

Dentofacial

structures that include the teeth jaws and surrounding facial bones

Ectopic

an abnormal direction of tooth eruption

Crowding

Condition that occurs when teeth are not properly aligned with the arch

Arch Wire

a contoured metal wire that provides force when teeth are guided in movement for orthodontics

Band

stainless steel ring attached to molars to hold arch wire and auxiliaries for orthodontics

apex finder

a unit which measures the distance into the apex of a tooth and displays the info on a digital read out

apexogenesis

pulpotomy of permanent tooth whereby pulp vitality is maintained; allowing time for the root end to develop and close

apical periodontits

pulpal inflammation that extends to the periapical tissues

barbed broaches

Used to remove soft tissue from the pulpal canal

cellulitis

Swelling and discomfort of facial tissue caused by an abscess

chelating

The process by which an agent grasps a toxic substance and makes it non-toxic

electronic pulp tester

A battery operated tool that creates an electrical stimulus to the tooth indicating if the pulp is vital or nonvital

endodontic handpiece

An attachment to a low speed hand piece that supplies quarter turn motion constantly and evenly

exudate

pus

files

Endodontic instruments used to enlarge and smooth the canal

fistula

A tube like passage from and abscess to the external surface; used to drain the abscess

glick \#1

Endodontic instrument used to remove excess gutta percha

heating unit

Provides heat for vitality testing warming the gutta percha for obturation and providing heat

intracanal instruments

Made of stainless steel and nickel titanium alloy wire. They are flexible fracture resistant, smooth, able to maintain sharp cutting edges and corrosion resistant

irreversible pulpitis

Inflammation of the pulpal tissue to the point where it cannot recover; includes root canal or extraction

k type files

Standard files used to scrape and widen the walls of the canal and to remove necrotic tissue

master cone

The primary cone normally gutta percha used in a root canal

nonvital pulp

The pulp of the tooth that does not respond to sensory stimuli

osteomyelitis

Advanced stage of periapical infection that spreads into and through the bone

percussion

Examination of a tooth by tapping the occlusal or incisal surface with fingers or instruments

pluggers

Used in amalgam fillings and root canal fillings to pack amalgam into the tooth

pulpal necrosis

Death of pulpal cells; often results from irreversible pulpitis

reamers

Endodontic instruments with a tapered metal shaft used to clean and enlarge a root canal

retrograde filling

Filling material placed in the apex of a tooth during and apicoectomy

reversible pulpitis

Inflammation of the pulp caused by an irritant; when irritant is removed the pulp heals

root amputation

Surgical procedure to remove one or more roots of a multi-rooted tooth

root canal sealer

Cement used with gutta percha to seal the pulp canal

rubber stops

Pieces of rubber placed on files and reamers to mark the length of the root canal

selective anesthesia

One area of a patient's mouth that is selected for an injection to identify which tooth or arch is problematic

sodium hypochlorite

The most common bio-mechanical cleaner; also known as household bleach

spreaders

Endodontic instrument used when sealing the root canal

transillumination test

Reflection of fiberoptic light through the crown of a tooth to indicate vertical fractures

ultrasonic unit

Designed for troughing "making a groove or channel" around a post and opening calcified canal; breaking away cement or calculus

vital pulp

Term used to describe healthy pulp

vitality scanner

An electronic pulp testing unit that measures whether a tooth is vital or non vital

retrograde restoration

Small restoration placed at the apex of a root

Hedstrom File

-hand instrument

-used for enlargement of canal, has spiral which cut only on pull stroke, make dentinal

walls smooth and easier to fill

abscess

a localized accumulation of pus in a cavity formed by tissue disintegration.

obturation

process of filling a root canal

perforation

Making a hole, as in breaking through and extending beyond the apex of the root

percussion

Examination technique that involves tapping on the incisal or occlusal surface of a tooth to assess vitality

apicoectomy

excision of the apical portion of the tooth root

canal

pulp chamber of a root

creosote

antiseptic

electrode

tip of a vitalometer

electrolyte

substance in which solutions are capable of transmitting electrical current