Hematology Laboratory - Lesson 7 and 8: Determinations of Hematocrit and Hemoglobin

hematocrit, packed cell volume

is the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood as determined by separation of red blood cells from the plasma usually by centrifugation

hematologic investigation

hematocrit is one of the simplest, accurate and valuable test in _____

peripheral blood, entire circulation

the test measures the proportion of the red blood cells to plasma in the _____ but not to the _____

venous hematocrit, body hematocrit

the two type of hematocrit include the _____ which represents the peripheral blood and the _____ which refers to the total erythrocyte mass to the total blood volume

hemoglobin

is the oxygen-carrying red pigment and predominant protein in the red blood cells

transport oxygen to tissues; carbon dioxide to lungs

what are the main functions of blood?

erythrocyte disorders

hemoglobin is determined together with hematocrit to be used in the diagnosis of?

carbon dioxide, cyanide, other poisonous gases

this respiratory pigment (hemoglobin) may also carry _____ during intoxication from environmental and other sources?

spontaneous sedimentation, accelerated centrifugation, anticoagulated blood

hematocrit determination requires _____ through _____ of _____

radius of the centrifuge, centrifugal speed, duration

certain conditions of centrifugation like the _____, _____ and _____ influences sedimentation of erythrocytes

3,000, 30 minutes

if the radius of centrifuge is 22.5 cm., the speed must be _____ rpm for how many minutes?

3500 , 30-45 minutes

if the radius of centrifuge is 15 cm, ______ rpm must be used for how many minutes?

10,000, 13,000 , 5 minutes

the microhematocrit centrifuge has a speed of _____ to _____ rpm and must be used for how many minutes?

2,500-3000, 10-15 minutes

the Wintrobe's method separates the packed cells at _____ rpm for how many minutes?

microhematocrit reader

what is used in the Adam's method?

packed cells, plasma, buffy coat and packed cells

the determination of the hematocrit value in the macro method is based on the height of the _____ in the Wintrobe tube over the height of the _____, _____, and _____ expressed in percent.

1%,7%, hematologic studies

the error of the Hct value is only _____ compared to the RBC indices which is _____ which makes the former to be more useful in _____.

differentiation, diagnosis of anemias

Hct cannot replace RBC count because RBC is needed to calculate the RBC indices which are very important in the _____ and _____.

107,000 erythrocytes, 34 grams Hb per 100 ml

Hematocrit estimation may done by the equation that 1 % Hct equals to?

hemoglobin

what is the red respiratory, and coloring pigment of erythrocytes?

heme, globin

the molecule of hemoglobin is composes _____ and _____

iron, porphyrin

the heme requires _____ and _____ for its synthesis?

polypeptide chains

the globin portion has two pairs of _____

hemoglobin A

hemoglobin that has 2 alpha and 2 beta chains

hemoglobin A2

hemoglobin that’s comprised of 2 alpha and 2 delta chains

hemoglobin F

hemoglobin that has 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains

fetal hemoglobin

another name for hemoglobin F

33%, 1/3

hemoglobin comprise how much of the weight of erythrocytes?

higher

the hemoglobin levels in men are _____ than the levels in women?

pregnancy, menstruation

_____ and _____ negatively affect the values?

estrogen

what is the primary female hormone which also inhibits the production of erythrocytes?

oxyhemoglobin, HbO2

this contains oxygen which has a characteristic bright red color

deoxyhemoglobin, HHb

in comparison to HbO2, it is a dark red color of?

carbon monoxide poisoning; carboxyhemoglobin, COHb; 2-4.2%, 2.3%

_____ can cause a cherry red color of the blood with _____ which is _____ in smokers and _____ in non-smokers.

aniline derivatives, sulfonamides, nitrates, chlorates, potassium ferricyanide, potassium permanganate; methemoglobin; chocolate brown

Oxidizing agents like _____, _____, _____, _____, _____ and _____ can form _____ which contains hemoglobin with iron in its ferric state rather than in ferrous state which has a characteristic color of _____.

sulfhemoglobin, SHb

this is a sulfur-containing hemoglobin with a characteristic mauve lavender color?

5, .5

the critical levels of COHb is _____ grams per 100 ml. of blood and for the SHb is _____ gram per 100 ml. of blood

sickle cell anemia; sickle cells, drepanocytes or meniscocyte

mutations in the globin chain may lead to the formation of HbS in _____ which can be detected in the blood smear by the presence of _____, _____, and _____

hypochromic cells

erythrocytes with less than 33 % hemoglobin are called?

iron deficiency anemia, microcytic hypochromic anemia

this may show smaller erythrocytes with low hemoglobin

13.5-17.5 g/dL, 12-16 g/dL

what is the normal hemoglobin of male and female respectively?

0.41-0.53 L/L, 0.36-0.46 L/L, 0.45-60 L/L

what is the normal hematocrit of male, female and newborn respectively?