Spinal Column and Trunk Muscles

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the trunk and spinal column, including anatomy, muscle functions, and vertebral structure.

Spinal Column

The bony structure comprised of vertebrae that surrounds and protects the spinal cord.

Vertebrae

The individual bones that make up the spinal column.

Lordotic Curves

Curves in the cervical and lumbar regions of the spine that curve anteriorly.

Kyphotic Curves

Curves in the thoracic and sacral regions of the spine that curve posteriorly.

Erector Spinae

A group of muscles that extend the vertebral column and maintain posture.

Atlas (C1)

The first cervical vertebra, which supports the skull and allows nodding motion.

Axis (C2)

The second cervical vertebra, which allows rotation of the head.

Intervertebral Discs

Cartilaginous structures that provide cushioning between vertebrae.

Zygoapophyseal Joints

Joints between the superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae.

Lumbosacral Joint

The joint between the lumbar spine and the sacrum.

Sacroiliac Joint

A joint between the sacrum and the ilium that connects the spine to the pelvis.

Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)

The lower cervical vertebrae that have small bodies and bifurcated spinous processes.

Thoracic Vertebrae

The twelve vertebrae that articulate with the ribs.

Lumbar Vertebrae

The five large vertebrae located in the lower back.

Coccyx

The terminal part of the vertebral column consisting of fused coccygeal vertebrae.

Lumbosacral Fascia

A connective tissue structure that provides stabilization to the lumbar spine.

Hamstrings Insert on Ischial Tuberosity

The attachment point for hamstring muscles on the pelvis.

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

A ligament that runs along the anterior surface of the spine and prevents hyperextension.

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

A ligament that runs along the posterior surface of the vertebral bodies.

Ligamentum Flavum

A ligament connecting adjacent vertebral laminae, allowing for flexibility.

Intertransverse Ligament

A ligament connecting the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae.

Interspinous Ligament

A ligament connecting the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae.

Supraspinous Ligament

A ligament that runs along the tips of the spinous processes.

Rectus Abdominus

A muscle of the anterior abdominal wall that flexes the trunk.

External Oblique

A muscle that aids in trunk rotation and lateral flexion.

Internal Oblique

A muscle that aids in trunk flexion and rotation.

Transverse Abdominus

A muscle that increases intra-abdominal pressure.

Diaphragm

The primary muscle of respiration that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Quadratus Lumborum

A muscle that extends the lumbar spine and laterally flexes the trunk.

Functions of Vertebral Column

Provides support, stability, mobility, and protects the spinal cord.

Intervertebral Foramen

The openings between vertebrae through which spinal nerves exit the spinal column.

Nucleus Pulposus

The inner gel-like core of an intervertebral disc that absorbs shock.

Annulus Fibrosus

The outer fibrous ring of an intervertebral disc.

Transverse Process

The lateral projection of a vertebra that serves as an attachment for muscles.

Spinous Process

The posterior projection of a vertebra that can be felt along the back.

Sacroiliac Joints

Joints that connect the sacrum to the ilium of the pelvis.

Atlas-Axis Joint

The pivot joint between the first two cervical vertebrae allowing head rotation.

Anterior Scalene

A muscle that assists in cervical flexion and elevating the first rib.

Middle Scalene

A muscle that plays a role in lateral flexion of the cervical spine.

Posterior Scalene

A muscle involved in elevating the second rib and cervical flexion.