HST: Medterm Finals

abduction

Movement of a body part away from the midline of the body

ABG’S

Arterial blood gasses

ACL

anterior cruciate ligament

acquired passive immunity

Acquired passive immunity is short-term immunity that comes from antibodies produced in a body other than the patient. Antitoxin or gamma globulin injections, infant through placenta from mother, stem cells.

acr/o

extremities

adduction

Movement of a body part toward the midline of the body

adenoid/o

adenoids

adip/o

fat

ADL

activities of daily living

agonist

The muscle that causes the primary movement in a muscle pair

albin/o

white

Alveol/o

alveolus

amb

ambulate

amblyopia

Impaired vision in one or both eyes resulting from altered development in early childhood. lazy eye.

ambul/o

to walk or move about

an-

not, without

analgesic

A drug that relieves pain

anaphylaxis

A severe, potentially life-threating allergic reaction. This type of reaction comes on suddenly, usually within minutes of exposure to an allergen. Symptoms include a skin rash known as hives, difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, and shock

anemia

Disorder involving a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin

Aneurysm

Localized, balloon-like dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery

angi/o

vessel (blood)

angina

Condition characterized by severe, constricting pain or pressure in the chest

ankyl/o

crooked, bent, stiff, fused together

antagonist

The muscle that works the movement caused by the agonist

Antihistamine

A drug that blocks the effects of histamines, which are chemicals in the body that produce symptoms of allergic reactions. A common type of allergy medicine.

anti-inflammatory

Agent that counteracts inflammation

antipyretic

Agent that reduces fever

aort/o

aorta

AP

anteroposterior

aplastic anemia

Disorder in which the bone marrow does not produce enough new red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets

apnea

Temporary interruption of breathing.

appendicular skeleton

The bones in the appendages of the body, as well as the structures that connect the appendages to the axial skeleton.

ARDS

acute respiratory distress syndrome

Arrhythmia

Irregular heartbeat

arteri/o

artery

arteriol/o

arteriole (small artery)

Arteriosclerosis

Condition of thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls

arthr/o

joint

arthralgia

Pain in a joint or joints

arthritis

Inflammation of joints

arthrocentesis

Surgical puncture of the joint space with a needle to remove accumulated fluid

arthroscopy

Visual examination of a joint using a scope

articul/o

joint

aspir/o

removal

aspiration

Inhalation of a foreign body, food, or fluid through the nose, throat, or lungs during inspiration.

asthma

Condition characterized by sudden, periodic attacks of dyspnea accompanied by wheezing

astigmatism

Defective curvature of the cornea that produces blurred vision

ataxia

Inability to coordinate voluntary muscle activity

Atel/o

incomplete

atelectasis

Collapsed or airless lung caused by any condition that prevents the alveoli from expanding

ather/o

plaque or fatty build up

Atherosclerosis

the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls

atri/o

atria

atrophy

Wasting away or shrinkage of muscle

audi/o

hearing

auditory ossicles

the three smallest bones in the body. The auditory ossicles transmit the vibratory motion of the eardrum to the fluids of the inner ear.

auricle

also known as the pinna (PIN-nuh), forms the shell-shaped structure of the outer ear. It directs sound to the auditory (AW-dih-tor-ree) canal,

auscultation

Process of listening to internal sounds of the body using a stethoscope.

axial skeleton

The bones in the central line of the body

B lymphocytes (B cells)

a type of lymphocyte that plays a significant role in the immune response. First, these specialized cells transform into plasma cells in response to an antigen. Then they secrete immunoglobulins (specific antibodies that protect the immune system by targeting the antigen). The immune response in which B cells transform into plasma cells and then secrete antibodies is called humoral immunity.

B.i.d

twice a day

Baso

basophils

Bicuspid valve

The left AV valve, which has two flaps

blast

immature cell

blephar/o

eyelid

BP

blood pressure

BPM

beats per minute

brachi/o

arm

brady

slow

Bradycardia

Slow heart rate

bradypnea

Condition of slower-than-normal breathing.

bronch/o

bronchus

bronchitis

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchial tubes.

burs/o

bursa

bursitis

Inflammation of the bursa, usually between bony protrusions and muscle or tendon

Bx

Biopsy

c/o

complains of

CABG

coronary artery bypass graft

CAD

coronary artery disease

calcane/o

calcaneus

Capillaries

Small, thin-walled blood vessels with semipermeable membranes to allow for gas exchange

–capnia

carbon dioxide

cardi/o

heart

cardiac muscle

muscle that is only found in the heart

Cardiomyopathy

Condition of diseased heart muscle

carp/o

wrist

carpal tunnel syndrome

Disorder marked by pain, burning, and itching or tingling due to an inflamed median nerve and tendons in the wrist

carpals

The bones that make up the wrist.

CAT, CT

computerized axial tomography

CBC

complete blood count

cell-mediated immunity

An immune response that involves T lymphocytes

Cerebral vascular accident (CVA)

The death of brain tissue that occurs when an arterial blockage or arterial rupture prevents blood flow to the brain

cervic/o

neck

CHF

congestive heart failure

chondr/o

cartilage

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Disease characterized by reduced ability of the lungs to perform their function of ventilation. Symptoms include persistent dyspnea during exertion (with or without chronic cough) and less than 50 percent of normal inspiratory capacity (the amount of air taken in during a deep breath).

circumduction

Rotation of an arm or leg (as if “drawing a circle” with the limb)

Claudication

Intermittent calf pain

clavicle

The bone of the shoulder girdle that forms the collarbone

CO2

Carbon dioxide