Pure biology flashcards

What is the definition for a species?

A species is a group of similar organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring

What is the binomial system?

The binomial system is an internationally agreed on system to scientifically name organisms using their genus and species.

What does the mnemonic “King Phillip confidently only fights golden snakes” stand for?

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species

What are the five kingdoms?

Plants, animals, fungi, protoctists and prokaryotes (bacteria)

What does the animal kingdom get split up into?

Vertebrates (backbone plus skeleton) and invertebrates (no backbone plus exoskeleton)

what are the five types of vertebrates?

Mammals, birds, reptiles, fish and amphibians

What are the four types of invertebrates?

Myriapods, insects, arachnids and crustaceans

What two groups are plants split up into?

Flowering and non-flowering

What are the two types of flowering plants?

Monocotyledons and dicotyledons

Where does the energy in diffusion come from?

It comes from the kinetic energy of the random movement of the ions and molecules

What is the role of water in living organisms?

It is a solvent used in digestion, excretion and transport

What material is used to investigate osmosis?

A dailysis

What is the structure of DNA?

Two strands coiled together forming a double helix

What holds the strands in DNA together?

Pairs of bases

What does each strand of DNA contain?

Bases

What are types of bases are there in DNA?

A, C, T and G

What are the pairs of bases in DNA

A and T or C and G

What is carbohydrates used for in a plant

To produce cellulose for cell wall, starch as storage, glucose for respiration, sucrose as transport substance and for nectar to attract insects.

What are the four types of teeth?

Incisors, canine, pre-molars and molars

What is the job of the incisors and canine teeth?

To bite and tear food

What is the function of the pre-molars

To tear and crush food

What is the function of the molars?

Crushing and grinding food

What are the five parts of a tooth?

The enamel, dentine, pulp (nerves and blood vessels), cement and gum.

How do you go from starch to glucose?

Starch + amylase → maltose, maltose + maltase → glucose

What are the two types of protease?

Pepsin and trypsin

What is the difference between trypsin and pipsin?

Pipsin works best in acidic environments while trypsin works best in alkali environments

What is the funny bone thing in a villi called?

The lacteal

What is the function of the lacteal?

To absorb digested fats

How are digested fats in the small intestine transferred into the blood?

By first the absorption of fat by the lacteal where the lymph (fluid inside lacteal) transfers the fat to the bloodstream