W1 Lecture - Body Defense Systems and Disease, History and Physical Exam, Medical History

what are the two types of immunity?

specific and nonspecific

what is nonspecific immunity?

protects against all antigenic insults the same way

is species resistance (ex: cats can’t get distemper) an example of specific or nonspecific immunity?

nonspecific immunity

are mechanical and chemical barriers (ex: skin + HCl in stomach) an example of specific or nonspecific immunity?

nonspecific immunity

is inflammatory response (ex: phagocytosis) an example of specific or nonspecific immunity?

nonspecific immunity

are interferon and compliment (chemicals that stop infections) examples of specific or nonspecific immunity?

nonspecific immunity

what is specific immunity?

protects against certain “invading” antigens

is cell-mediated immunity (T lymphocytes + macrophages) an example of specific or nonspecific immunity?

specific immunity

is humoral immunity (B lymphocytes and antibodies) an example of specific or nonspecific immunity?

specific immunity

what is considered the “first line of defense”?

healthy skin

what is considered the “second line of defense”?

inflammatory response

what is inflammatory response?

tissue damage causes cells to release chemical mediators

what are classic signs of inflammation?

heat, redness, swelling, pain

what is interferon?

substance that interferes with ability of virus to cause disease by preventing replication within host cell

what is complement?

a group of enzymes, activated during infection, binds to invading cell wall and places small holes in membrane causing lysis of the cell

what do T cells do?

programmed to recognize markers unique to self, interact directly with foreign agents and destroy or render incapable of causing disease

what do macrophages do?

travels through tissues looking for foreign substances, then takes them to T cell

what is humoral immunity?

young and inactive B cells produce antigen-combining receptor sites, then when in contact with specific antigen, B cell divides repeatedly to make clones (can make antibodies for specific antigen, or becomes memory cells to more easily recognize antigen). antibody locks onto antigen and renders it harmless or clumps them together (agglutination) for removal or cell lysis

draw this from memory

okay im good

what is etiology?

study of causation or origination of disease

what is an etiologic agent?

causative agent

what is pathogenesis?

mechanism of development of a disease

what is a clinical sign?

body’s response that is seen (not all patients with disease show outward signs)

what is signalment?

age, breed, sex, reproductive status