CSD 6300 Module 1: Suggested terms / concepts for study (Video Notes)

A set of Q&A flashcards covering aphasia definitions and classifications, neuroanatomy concepts, vascular topics, and labeling systems from Module 1 notes.

What are the four components that should be included in a definition of aphasia (as outlined in the notes)?

Language disorder; Acquired; Neurological; Multimodal (affects comprehension and expression, even if some abilities are spared).

How is aphasia commonly classified dichotomously in the module notes?

Expressive/Non-fluent/Anterior aphasias vs Receptive/Fluent/Posterior aphasias.

List the seven classic aphasia types mentioned.

Wernicke’s, Broca’s, Global, Conduction, Transcortical sensory, Transcortical motor, Mixed transcortical.

What is Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) and what are its subtypes according to the notes?

An aphasia associated with a dementia syndrome and neurodegenerative course; subtypes: Semantic, Logopenic, Agrammatic (nonfluent).

Differentiate incidence and prevalence as defined in the notes.

Incidence: number of newly diagnosed cases per unit time; Prevalence: proportion of a specified population that has the disorder at a particular time.

List the directional terms used in neuroscience mentioned in the notes.

Medial, lateral, superior, inferior, rostral, caudal, dorsal, ventral.

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system and what do they comprise?

CNS – brain and spinal cord; PNS – cranial and spinal nerves.

Name the frontal lobe gyri and related structures listed in the notes.

Superior frontal gyrus; Middle frontal gyrus; Prefrontal cortex; Inferior frontal gyrus (Pars triangularis, Pars opercularis); Pars orbitalis; Frontal operculum.

Which temporal and parietal regions are listed as landmarks in the notes?

Anterior temporal lobe; Superior temporal gyrus; Middle temporal gyrus; Inferior temporal gyrus; Ventral precentral gyrus; Ventral postcentral gyrus; Inferior parietal lobule (Supramarginal gyrus, Angular gyrus).

What visual regions are identified in the material?

Visual association cortex; Primary visual cortex.

Describe the carotid system's vascular territories as noted.

Common carotid; Internal carotid (becomes MCA); External carotid; MCA; ACA; AcommA.

Describe the vertebrobasilar system vessels listed in the notes.

Vertebrals; Basilar; PCA.

Name the three types of white matter tracts and give the examples provided.

Association fibers (e.g., arcuate fasciculus; optic tract); Commissural fibers; Projection fibers (e.g., corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts).

Why do left frontal lobe lesions causing Broca's aphasia often accompany right upper extremity paresis?

Because corticobulbar/corticospinal tracts in the left hemisphere control contralateral (right) motor function.

Differentiate anatomical labeling from functional labeling in nervous system anatomy as described.

Anatomical labeling uses structural names (e.g., superior temporal gyrus); Functional labeling describes processing roles (e.g., A1, primary auditory cortex, or BA numbers).

Give a pair of examples illustrating anatomical vs functional labeling for a brain region.

Anatomical: Superior temporal gyrus; Functional: Primary auditory cortex (A1) or BA 41.

What is the difference between grey matter and white matter in the brain?

Grey matter contains neuron cell bodies; White matter contains axons and forms tracts that connect grey matter locations.

What is the role of glia in the nervous system as per the notes?

Glia are critical to brain metabolic health, repair, and support neuronal communication.

What is the meaning of 'CNS vs. PNS' as per the module notes?

CNS = brain and spinal cord; PNS = cranial and spinal nerves.