Lesson 9: Industrial revolution

Theory of Plate Tectonics

a theory which states that some continents move farther away to each other and vice versa

Jethro Tull

He invented the improved seed drill on 1701

Albert Einstein

he founded the theory of relativity

Seed drill

created by Jethro Tull, a mechanical seeder which distributed seeds evenly across a plot of land

Radioactive Isotopes

is used as tracers in complicated chemical & biochemical reactions

Wagon Ways

it is used for conveying coal to rivers for further shipment

Janssen team

they introduced the microscope which paved the way for the establishment of cell theory

Railroads

it was first introduced near the end of the industrial revolution

Cell theory

a theory which is established after the introduction of a microscope by the Janssen team happened

Canals

were the best technology to allow bulk materials to be economically transported

Charles Darwin

he proposed that natural selection as an explanation of evolution

Grand Canal in China

world's largest artificial waterway and oldest canal still in existence. It has approximately 1,804 km long, and links the Hangzhou & Beijing

"On the Origin of Species"

it is where Darwin's complete theory was published

Middle class professional

are professionals such as doctors and lawyers

Theory of Genetics

Gregor Mendel proposed this theory

The hubble space telescope (HST)

an orbiting observatory telescope which was launched into orbit by the space shuttle discovery in 1990

Gregor Mendel's theory of Genetics

a theory which was constructed when Mendel observed & studied the pattern of inheritance using pea plant

Edwin P. Hubble

a famous American astronomer; a telescope (HST) was named after him

Pea plant

type of plant with which Gregor Mendel experimented

Rocket

it was the first vehicle to leave the earth

Mendelian Principles of Heredity

it is what mendel developed after he tested his theory of Genetics

Soviet Energya

the world's most powerful rocket

Louis Pasteur

a french scientist known as the father of microbiology. He also developed a vaccine for rabies & disproved the spontaneous genetic theory

Pasteurization

Pasteur pioneered this process, in which they heat milk to a high temperature and pressure in order to eliminate the souring caused bacteria

Germ Theory of disease

a theory proposed by Pasteur which states that diseases arise from naturally existing microorganisms

Hugo de Vries

Dutch botanist who proposed the mutation theory of evolution

DNA

also known as "deoxyribonucleic acid", a complex molecule containing the genetic code

modern medicine

they have profited from this explosion of knowledge in biology & biochemistry

Penicillin and insulin

drugs used during wwi and 20s. These drugs were also mostly prescribed by doctors during modern medicine era

Large telescopes

It has assisted the discovery in which the sun is only an ordinary star in a huge collection of stars

Milky Way

A large spiral galaxy that is home to Earth and the rest of our solar system, and about a trillion stars.

Space age

an age which happened when the launch of the first artificial satellite occurred on 1957

1961

it is the year when a human first venture into space

Cosmonaut

a Russian astronaut

astronaut

a person who is trained to travel into outer space

Electromagnetic Radiation

it carried the study of remote objects which are billions of light-years from earth

Radio Astronomy

its most notable results were used to map the Milky Way

Electronics Industry

it was born in the early 20th century

First computer

also known as ENIAC, it might have filled an entire room just from setting it up.

Electronic Computer

it became one of the key tools of modern industry

Electronics

it became fundamental in developing new communication devices such as radio and television. Laser is also included despite not being a communication device

Watt Steam Engine

Invented by james watt from 1763-1775, during the industrial revolution Factories could now operate in places that were not surrounded by water. It incorporates a series of radical movement

Steam Engine

made of iron & fuelled by coal & it's widely used in Great Britain during Industrial Revolution

Important Technological Development during the Industrial Revolution

Metallurgy, Machine tools, Chemicals, Cement, Gas lighting, Glass Making, Paper machine, Agriculture, Transportation, Food & nutrition, Housing, Clothing & consumer goods,

Cast iron blowing cylinder

it was first used in 1760

James Watt and Matthew Boulton

They succeeded in 1778 in perfecting the steam engine, which incorporated a series of radical improvements.

Machine Tools

it demands for metal parts used in machinery when it was first created

Englishman John Roebuck

he invented the lead chamber process

Lead Chamber Process

a process created by Englishman, which paved a way for large productio n of chemicals such as sulphuric acid

Sulphuric acid

is used for pickling (removing rust) from iron and steel

Nicholas Leblanc

he introduced a method for the production of sodium carbonate on 1791