language development

langauge

complex system of symbols, referents and rules that allow us to communicate with each other

environmental/learning approach

operant conditioning; language learning based on experience

criticism: children learn 10k words by 5 yrs

nativist/biological approach

LAD; biologically predisposed to acquire language

learn language rapidly; similar developmental course of langauge acquisition

Language acquisation device

born with special language center, separate from other cognitive processes

networks in brain in the left hemisphere

surface structure

vocab and rules governing grammar; nativist

deep structure

concepts that all language possess; nativist

interactionist/sociocultural theory

interplay between biological and environmental factors in language acquisition

born with biological capacities that facilitate language development

interaction with sensitive linguistic partners is necessary for system to develop successfully

Language acquisition support system

LASS; structured opportunities for development to take place

interactionist/sociocultural theory

routines and formats: structured social interactions, commonly occur between infants and parents, peek-a-boo, context based learning

characterized by simple speech, expansion, recasting

phonology

sound system of language

study of speech sounds and sound patterns and how they function in the language

semantics

meaning of language

study of how children acquire words and their meanings

18 mon - 50 words vocab

morphology

study of smallest meaningful unit within wordss

syntax

word order and sentence structure

pragmatics

social use of language

speech production

nonspeech sounds-grunts, cries, whimpers, burps

cooing(2 mon) - one syllable vowel sounds

reduplicated babbling(6-9 mon) - string of identical sounds(ba ba ba)

first words(8-18 mon) - imitation/echolalia to spontaneous

lexical contrast theory

fast mapping; process of elimination as they learn words

parents model for their kids

semantics issues 1-2 years

over extension - child uses an existing label for things whose names they do not know(ex. all l4 legged animals are dog)

coining - when a child creates a new word (rake = grass comb_

holophrase - ball = “that’s a ball”. “want to play ball?”

grammar

study of the structural properties of language

series of words(18mon-2 years)

telegraphic speech

~2yrs

2 and 3 word sentences

3+

importance of syntax/morphology

I eat cookie instead of cookie(18 mon)

overregularization

2-4 yrs of age

inflectional rules to irregular forms

i goed to the store

pragmatics

0-12 mon - gesture, facial expression, turn taking

speech acts 12 mon-2 years - speech used to perform pragmatic functions

discourse 2-7 years - speech during social interaction

social referential communication 7+ - speakers send message that is comprehended by listener

dialogic reading

book being read between child and parent, child is involved painting at stuff

emergent literacy

vocabulary by reading books and parents pointing stuff out

alphabet knowledge

phonological aareness

rhyme,

blending: the process of taking individual sounds (phonemes) or syllables and combining them to form a full, recognizable word.

elision: The process of intentionally removing a sound or syllable from a word and recombining what is left to form a new word.