Greek and hellenistic period

colums

doric-no base, simple

ionic-bases,spirals at top

cornithian-bases, elaborate designs

vases

pratical (food,exported items), art form (daily life, mythology)

1. black-figure, red background

2. red figure- black background

greek art

life-like not realistic,arete, ideal figure

women in greece

limited rights, cant go out in public, Artemis, Athena not typical Greek women

greek goddesses

artemis- chaste goddess of the moon and of the hunt, hunted no child

Athena- chaste goddess of wisdom and war, war and no child

Hera-goddess of marriage, symbolizes spousal devotion

Herdotos

“father of history”,stories from travel, Greece/perisa wars, fantastical tales, father of lies

thucydides

atheian general, history of Peloponnesian war, no myths, speeches, gave credits to groups, died before finishing

xenophon

athenian begins history where thuscedyes leaves off,

theatre

drama (tragedy, comedy), epidauros 15,000, male cast w/masks

aristophanes

, lysistra, celebacy casuse of peloponisian war

Aiskhylos

second actor, orestria trilogy

1. Agamemnon

2. The Libation Bearers

3. The Furies (Eumenides)

sophokles

tradgedys ancient legends of Thebes, Oedipus

trilogy: Oedipus Rex, Oedipus Colonnus, and Antigone

europidoes

Medeia

philosphy

love of wisdom, origannly tied to science, sophits where teachers

Metaphysical

abstract thought or subjects, such as meaning

of existence, or truth

sokrates

corrupting the youth, questioned government and religion

plato

studied under sokrates, wrote it too, republic, founded the academy inner, metaphysical forms of things, good ethics, future rewards,

aristoltle

student of plato,intented purpose of things,`politcal concious person, LYCEUM(Alexander), rich aducated in power,

cynics/diogenes

challaenged loyalty to polis, plain simple living, tub for home,

epikouros

life is nasty/short, YOLO

zeno and the stoics

moderations, DIVINE reason

hellinistic

end of independent greek cities,greek influenced, spread of Greek outside of greece

Macedonia

king descendent of Hercules, olympics,

Phillip 2nd

thebes, calmed down macedonia,

1. changed phlanax, heavy armor, sarias, calvary, metal trade routes

2.diplomacy cement power

3. polygamy, married daughters

4. sent sons to school

isokrates

phillip 2nd unite Greeks against persia

demosthenes

growing independence destroy growing city states, leads Athens and Thebes agaisnt phillip 2nd

battle of chaeronea

demosthenes (Athens/Thebes) vs Philip 2nd

PHILLIP WINS,

alex conquerer

1. asia minor

2. syria/ Phoenicia

3. Egypt

4. gaugemela

5. defeats indian kings

asia minor

by troy- claims Asia as his

defeats perisa- battle by granikos river

syria/ Phoenicia

battle of issos, defeats king darius 3rd, w/ Macedonian phalanx+cavalry

takes over coastal cities

egypt

liberator from perisans, pharoh, oracle of amun (Alex= amuns son), names cities after himself

gaugamela

king Darius 3rd flees battle field, babylon,susa w/ wealth

persepolis

burn palace of Xerxes for Persian burn of Athens,

diadokhoi

alexanders 5 generals fight for power, 3 rise to rule hellenistic period

Antigonids=Macedon,

Ptolemies=Egypt

Seleucids=Syria/ eastern provinces.

ecbatana

darius subordinates murder king, king of persia, punihses killer

indus river

defeats Indian kings,troops refuse to go farther, return to babylon through gedrosian dessert

control of empire

marries daughters of powerful natives, adopt persian customs, dies under mysterious circumstances, king line is exstint

ptolemis

from Alexandria (egypt), non-greek traditions, insest, divine kingship (kings considered gods)

bulit lighthouse (wonder of world), liberary (Eratosthenes, Archimedes), burries alexanders body to take egypt

potlemy kings

1.Philadelphos “sibling-loving,” married sister.

2.Euergetes “benefactor.”

3.Philopator “father-loving.” killed his father for throne, gave name to throw off suspicion.

Eratosthenes,

mapmaker, calculated the circumference of the earth, of by 1%, earth is round

Archimedes

mathematician/inventor discovered principle of water displacement, invented the lever

Greek and Egyptian Religion

religion- Egyptian Goddess Isis worshipped in Greece, hybrid deities Serapis (Osiris, sacred bull Apis from Egypt, Zeus, Dionysos from Greece)

Syncretism

ability to recognize gods in other cultures

SELEUCIDS:

Syria/East, from Alexander’s general Seleukos, similar to the Ptolemies,native kingdom Babylonia, preferred city Antioch, divine right, royal incest

Antigonids

macedonia and Greece, NO INSEST OR DIVINE, Greeks would not go for it

pergamon

Greek becuase they were winners, acropolis ext,king attlatos, no tribute to galations, independent, altar of Zeus