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colums
doric-no base, simple
ionic-bases,spirals at top
cornithian-bases, elaborate designs
vases
pratical (food,exported items), art form (daily life, mythology)
black-figure, red background
red figure- black background
greek art
life-like not realistic,arete, ideal figure
women in greece
limited rights, cant go out in public, Artemis, Athena not typical Greek women
greek goddesses
artemis- chaste goddess of the moon and of the hunt, hunted no child
Athena- chaste goddess of wisdom and war, war and no child
Hera-goddess of marriage, symbolizes spousal devotion
Herdotos
“father of history”,stories from travel, Greece/perisa wars, fantastical tales, father of lies
thucydides
atheian general, history of Peloponnesian war, no myths, speeches, gave credits to groups, died before finishing
xenophon
athenian begins history where thuscedyes leaves off,
theatre
drama (tragedy, comedy), epidauros 15,000, male cast w/masks
aristophanes
, lysistra, celebacy casuse of peloponisian war
Aiskhylos
second actor, orestria trilogy
1. Agamemnon
2. The Libation Bearers
3. The Furies (Eumenides)
sophokles
tradgedys ancient legends of Thebes, Oedipus
trilogy: Oedipus Rex, Oedipus Colonnus, and Antigone
europidoes
Medeia
philosphy
love of wisdom, origannly tied to science, sophits where teachers
Metaphysical
abstract thought or subjects, such as meaning
of existence, or truth
sokrates
corrupting the youth, questioned government and religion
plato
studied under sokrates, wrote it too, republic, founded the academy inner, metaphysical forms of things, good ethics, future rewards,
aristoltle
student of plato,intented purpose of things,`politcal concious person, LYCEUM(Alexander), rich aducated in power,
cynics/diogenes
challaenged loyalty to polis, plain simple living, tub for home,
epikouros
life is nasty/short, YOLO
zeno and the stoics
moderations, DIVINE reason
hellinistic
end of independent greek cities,greek influenced, spread of Greek outside of greece
Macedonia
king descendent of Hercules, olympics,
Phillip 2nd
thebes, calmed down macedonia,
1. changed phlanax, heavy armor, sarias, calvary, metal trade routes
2.diplomacy cement power
3. polygamy, married daughters
4. sent sons to school
isokrates
phillip 2nd unite Greeks against persia
demosthenes
growing independence destroy growing city states, leads Athens and Thebes agaisnt phillip 2nd
battle of chaeronea
demosthenes (Athens/Thebes) vs Philip 2nd
PHILLIP WINS,
alex conquerer
asia minor
syria/ Phoenicia
Egypt
gaugemela
defeats indian kings
asia minor
by troy- claims Asia as his
defeats perisa- battle by granikos river
syria/ Phoenicia
battle of issos, defeats king darius 3rd, w/ Macedonian phalanx+cavalry
takes over coastal cities
egypt
liberator from perisans, pharoh, oracle of amun (Alex= amuns son), names cities after himself
gaugamela
king Darius 3rd flees battle field, babylon,susa w/ wealth
persepolis
burn palace of Xerxes for Persian burn of Athens,
diadokhoi
alexanders 5 generals fight for power, 3 rise to rule hellenistic period
Antigonids=Macedon,
Ptolemies=Egypt
Seleucids=Syria/ eastern provinces.
ecbatana
darius subordinates murder king, king of persia, punihses killer
indus river
defeats Indian kings,troops refuse to go farther, return to babylon through gedrosian dessert
control of empire
marries daughters of powerful natives, adopt persian customs, dies under mysterious circumstances, king line is exstint
ptolemis
from Alexandria (egypt), non-greek traditions, insest, divine kingship (kings considered gods)
bulit lighthouse (wonder of world), liberary (Eratosthenes, Archimedes), burries alexanders body to take egypt
potlemy kings
1.Philadelphos “sibling-loving,” married sister.
2.Euergetes “benefactor.”
3.Philopator “father-loving.” killed his father for throne, gave name to throw off suspicion.
Eratosthenes,
mapmaker, calculated the circumference of the earth, of by 1%, earth is round
Archimedes
mathematician/inventor discovered principle of water displacement, invented the lever
Greek and Egyptian Religion
religion- Egyptian Goddess Isis worshipped in Greece, hybrid deities Serapis (Osiris, sacred bull Apis from Egypt, Zeus, Dionysos from Greece)
Syncretism
ability to recognize gods in other cultures
SELEUCIDS:
Syria/East, from Alexander’s general Seleukos, similar to the Ptolemies,native kingdom Babylonia, preferred city Antioch, divine right, royal incest
Antigonids
macedonia and Greece, NO INSEST OR DIVINE, Greeks would not go for it
pergamon
Greek becuase they were winners, acropolis ext,king attlatos, no tribute to galations, independent, altar of Zeus