biopsych

olfactory nerve (I)

• Sensory nerve

• brings info from the olfactory bulb to perceive chemical smells

• does not go through the thalamus

optic nerve (II)

• sensory nerve

• Brings information from ganglion neurons in the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.

oculomotor nerve (III)

• motor

• Affects the muscles that move the eye and eyelid, and adjusts the pupil size.

trochlear nerve (IV)

• motor

• Affects the superior oblique muscle that also affects eye movement.

trigeminal nerve (V)

• sensory and motor

• Detects sensations in the face and aids in chewing.

abducens nerve (VI)

• motor

• Controls the lateral rectus muscles in the eye and is responsible for outward gaze.

facial nerve (VII)

• sensory and motor

• Controls muscle and facial expression and aids in taste.

vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

• sensory

• Relays information from two parts of the inner ear. It sends auditory information from the cochlea and information about balance and momentum from the vestibular apparatus.

glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

• Sensory and motor

• Provides sensory (afferent) information from the head and neck, including part of the middle ear and tongue. It also affects the larynx during swallowing.

Vagus nerve (x)

• sensory and motor

• A long nerve that affects the parasympathetic nervous system controlling the heart, lungs, and digestive tract.

accessory nerve (XI)

• motor

• affects muscle in. the neck for rotating the head and large back muscles.

hypoglossal nerve (XII)

• motor

• affects the muscles of the tongue

dura matter

• hardest meninges

• closest to the skull

pia matter

• softest layer of meninges

• closest to the brain

arachnoid

• middle layer of meninges

• spiderweb like

ventricle

cavity filled with CSF

choroid plexus

• filter for blood

• creates CSF

oliodendrocytes

• myelinating cell

• can myelinate up ro 50 axons

• poor regenerative effect

• CNS

microglia

• 10-15% of cells in brain

• immune cell

• clears out damaged neurons and unnecessary or unused synapses

• pruning

shwann sells

• PNS

• myelinating cell

• strong regenerative effect

• one of these cells can myelinate only one section of one axon

astrocyte

• privide nutrients for vascular system

• repair damage to nervous tissue

• protect BBB

5 divisions

• telencephalon

• diencephalon

• mesencephalon

• cerebellum (metenceplalon)

• pons (metencephalon)

• medulla (myelencephalon)

gyri

bumps that go out in brain

sulci

depressions in brain

fissures

deeper depressions in brain

limbic system

basal ganglia

striatum

globus pallidus

nucleus accumbens

pituitary gland

optic chiasm

mammillary bodies