Fluid disturbances- Hyperemia and congestion

Overall both hyperemia and congestion cause an ______ in _________ blood in any tissue

• increase

• volume

Hyperemia causes an increase in blood volume through __________

increased flow

Congestion causes an increase in blood volume through _______________

decreased flow

hyperemia will generally cause tissue to have ________

erythema

congestion will generally cause tissue to have _________

cyanosis

what are the two types of hyperemia

• physiologic

• pathologic

physiologic hyperemia is caused by what things

• increased flow to the skin for heat loos

• increased GI flow following a meal

Pathologic hyperemia is generally caused by what

• inflammation

• repair

upon gross pathology what would be evidence of pathologic hyperemia

• distended vessels

• red coloration

upon microscopic pathology what would be evidence of hyperemia or congestion

dilated arterioles

what are the types of congestion

• local

• systemic

hyperemia is ______ while congestion is ___________

• active

• passive

while hyperemia increases the amount of __________ blood in the capillary bed congestion increases the amount of ___________ blood in the capillary bed

• oxygenated

• deoxygenated

generalized congestion is usually due to ________

heart failure

upon gross pathology what would be evidence of congestion

• dark blue tissue

• swollen

• cool to the touch

what would be some causes of localized congestion

• local obstruction

• external pressure

where does blood back up during right sided heart failure and where does fluid accumulate

• portal circulation

• abdominal cavity

where does blood back up during left sided heart failure and where does fluid accumulate

• pulmonary circulation

• lungs

where might the most blood back up during right sided heart failure

the liver

upon gross pathology of a liver you would notice what if it had undergone right sided heart failure

• red areas signifying centrilobular areas

• necrosis secondary to hypoxia

upon microscopic pathology of the lungs you would notice what if it had undergone left sided heart failure

hemosiderosis