Fluvial Processes: Erosion, Transportation & Deposition

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Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms related to river erosion, transportation, and deposition processes.

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14 Terms

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Erosion

The wearing away of the river’s bed and banks by flowing water and its load.

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Vertical Erosion

Downward cutting of a river channel that deepens the valley, common in the upper course.

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Lateral Erosion

Sideways erosion that widens the river valley, more dominant in the middle and lower courses.

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Hydraulic Action

Erosive force of moving water striking the riverbanks and bed, loosening material.

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Abrasion

Process where the river’s load scrapes and chips away at the bed and banks, acting like sandpaper.

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Attrition

Collisions between transported stones that break them into smaller, smoother pieces.

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Solution (Erosion)

Chemical process in which slightly acidic water dissolves soluble rocks such as limestone.

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Transportation

The movement of eroded material downstream by the river’s flow.

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Traction

Transport method in which the heaviest boulders and pebbles roll along the riverbed.

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Saltation

Bouncing motion of medium-sized particles along the bed of the river.

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Suspension

Transport of fine particles that are held within the water column, giving the river a muddy appearance.

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Solution (Transportation)

Movement of dissolved minerals carried within the water itself.

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Deposition

Dropping of sediment when the river loses velocity and energy.

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River Mouth Deposition

Large-scale settling of material at the river’s end where a gentle gradient and tidal influence reduce velocity.