Exam 1 Board Questions

The Pituitary gland rests here...

Sella turcica (part of the sphenoid bone - part of skull)

Which bones fracture to create a "broken nose"?

Nasal Bones

Jugular means what?

Throat

What is the filling of the foramen lacerum in the living?

Cartilage

What are the largest sinuses?

Maxillary sinuses

How many separate air spaces do Ethmoid air cells inhibit?

20 separate air spaces

What is an important key fact about primary curvatures?

These curvatures of the spine are present at birth.

What is an important key fact about secondary curvatures?

These curvatures of the spine develop postnatally

Name 2/3 features of cervical vertebrae

Small bodies and transverse foramina

Name ½ features of the thoracic vertebrae

sloping spinous processes

Name 2/3 features of the lumbar vertebrae

large bodies, long transverse processes

How many fused vertebrae is the sacrum made of?

5 fused vertebrae

How many partially fused vertebrae is the coccyx made of?

3-5 partially fused vertebrae

what are the costal cartilages made of

hyaline cartilage

What is a common site of fracture in the humerus (upper arm)?

Surgical neck

Name 3 matching features about the pelvic skeleton in the sexes:

Females:

- Bones are thin

- Greater pelvis: shallow

- Sacrum: shorter and wider

Males:

- Bones are thick

- Greater pelvis: deep

- Sacrum: taller and thinner

Which bone in the femur is a sesamoid bone?

The patella (knee cap)

Where do the cruciate ligaments attach to on the intercondylar eminence in the Tibia?

Anterior and posterior to the eminence.

What does malleolus mean?

Hammer

What is the trochlea of talus also called?

the "dome"

What is the interpubic disc made up of?

Fibrocartilage

Displacement of bones produces

shoulder dislocations - most occur inferiorly

Proximal and distal radioulnar joints together allow what types of movements in the forearm?

Pronation and supination

What is the first CMP joint called?

A saddle joint

How does the first CMP make the thumb special?

Allows thumb to be super mobile and opposable

What is the strongest ligament in the body?

The Iliofemoral ligament

What is it called when moving the foot upwards/ downwards?

Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion

what type of joint are hip joint and wrist joint

ball and socket, condyoid joint

What are eversion and inversion?

weight on big toe vs pinky toe

What is the thick inferior edge of the external oblique called?

Aponeurosis

Name 2 rotator cuff muscles:

supraspinatus and infraspinatus

Name 2 muscles in the erector spinae

Spinalis and the Longissimus

What does the zygomatic major do?

Helps you SMILE!

What muscle is prominent in body builders?

The lateral head of the triceps brachii

What muscle about only 20% of people don't have?

The Palmaris longis

What does pollex mean?

The thumb

What does the brachioradialis attach?

Attaches the humerus to the radius

What is the antagonist of the supinator muscle?

pronator teres

What muscle do 40% of people not have?

The psoas minor muscle

What muscle forms the floor of the pelvic cavity? This is a very important muscle because it supports the pelvic organs.

The pelvic diaphragm

What is the largest single muscle in the body?

The gluteus maximus muscle

What is the longest muscle in the body?

The sartorius muscle

Where do micro tears occur because of "shin splints"?

Tibialis anterior muscle

Name one muscle, origin, insertion, and action of one major muscle:

Mylohyoid: body of mandible, hyoid bone, elevates hyoid during swallowing

Kegels

are exercises aimed at toning and strengthening the pelvic diaphragm - the muscle sheet in the floor of the pelvic cavity

prolapsed disc

is a deviation of the nucleus pulposus due to degeneration of the annulus fibrosus, often in the lumbar region

shoulder separation

is an injury in which the clavicle separates from the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint

osgood-schlatter disease

is the most common cause of knee pain in the adolescent.