WJEC As level 1.4 Biological reactions are regulated by enzymes.

What do enzymes do?

They combine with substrate molecules at the active site to produce a product. They are biological catalysts.

What are proteins are enzymes?

They are tertiary proteins. The polypeptide chain is folded back on itself into a spherical globular shape.

What is an anabolic enzyme?

Build larger products from smaller substrate molecules.

What is catabolic reactions?

Break larger substrate molecules into smaller products.

What is lysozme?

An enzyme found in tears and secretions.

What does lysozyme do to bacteria?

Destroys pathogenic bacteria by breaking down their cell walls. The lysozyme destroys the wall by blocking glycosidic bonds between the amino sugars. A section of 6 amino sugars fit into the grove in the enzyme. The substrate is held in place by hydrogen and ionic bonds. The polysaccharide is broken at each specific site.

What is the bacteria wall made out of?

Polysaccharide consisting of chains of amino sugars.

What is the induced fit hypothesis?

The substrate molecule changes the shape of the active site. The active site changes to fit the substrate molecule perfectly.

What does the induced fit hypothesis mean?

That different substrates can react with the same enzyme.