Lecture 14-The Spinal Cord

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49 Terms

1

L1-L2

where does the spinal cord end?

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2

Conus medullaris

ending of the spinal cord that forms a cone shape

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3

Cauda equina

many nerves that branch out of the end of the spinal cord

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4

31

how many segments make up the spinal cord?

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5

dorsal root, dorsal root ganglia, ventral root, spinal nerve

what makes up a segment of the spinal cord

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6

mixed, afferent and efferent

Spinal nerves are ______ nerves consisting of ___________ fibers

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7

spinal meninges

Specialized membranes that provide protection, physical stability, and shock absorption

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8

no

do the meninges help with transmission?

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9

dura mater

Tough, fibrous outermost layer of the meninges

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10

arachnoid mater

middle layer of the meninges

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11

pia mater

Innermost layer meninges layer, adjacent to spinal tissue or brain tissue

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12

epidural space

space between the dura mater and the lining of the vertebral bones, often filled with adipose tissue

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13

coccygeal ligament

formed where dura mater blends with the filum terminale

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14

subarachnoid space

what separates the arachnoid mater from the pia mater?

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15

arachnoid trabeculae

extend from the arachnoid to the outer layer of the pia mater

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16

subdural

In a cadaver, there is a _________ space (between the dura mater and arachnois) but is not found in living people

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17

cerebrospinal fluid

what is found in the subarachnoid space?

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18

pia mater

what meninges layer contains blood vessels?

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19

denticulate ligaments

Extensions of the pia mater called __________ attach the pia mater and arachnoid mater to the dura mater

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20

somas and glial cells

what makes up gray matter?

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21

horns that surround the central canal

what is the shape of gray matter in the spinal cord?

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22

myelinated and unmyelinated axons organized in tracts and columns

what makes up white matter?

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23

Gray commissure

central connection between greater an lesser horns

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24

Somatic sensory and visceral nuclei

what makes up the posterior (dorsal) horns?

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25

visceral motor nuclei

what makes up the lateral horns?

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26

somatic motor nuclei

what makes up the anterior (ventral) horns

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27

8, 12, 5, 5, 1

__ cervical nerves
__ thoracic nerves
__ lumbar nerves
__ sacral nerves
__ coccygeal nerves

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28

epineurium

Outer layer of nerve—becomes continuous with the dura mater

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29

perineurium

Layer surrounding a fascicle—a fascicle (fasciculus) is a bundle of axons

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30

endoneurium

Layer surrounding a single axon

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31

rami communicantes

White and gray rami are collectively called _______________

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32

dermatomes

Spinal nerves supply specific regions of the skin known as ______________

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33

4

there are _______ nerve plexuses

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34

nerve plexus

Each __________ is associated with an interwoven network of nerves

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35

Cutaneous and muscular

what are the branches of the crevical plexus?

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36

cervical plexus

what nerve plexus is formed by these major nerves?

lesser occipital, supraclavicular, great auricular, transverse cervical, ansa cervicalis, phrenic

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37

lumbar plexus

what nerve plexus is made up of these major nerves?

Iliohypogastric, Ilio-inguinal, Lateral femoral cutaneous, Genitofemoral, Femoral, Obturator

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38

sacral plexus

what nerve plexus is made up of these major nerves?

Superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, sciatic, posterior femoral cutaneous, pudendal

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39

reflex

An immediate involuntary motor response

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40

reflex arc

The neural “wiring” of a single reflex
– Begins at a sensory receptor and ends at a peripheral effector

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41

development, the site where information is processed, resulting motor response, complexity

How are reflexes classified

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42

monosynaptic

involves a single segment of the spinal cord

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43

polysynaptic

Integrates motor output from several spinal segments

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44

• conus medullaris

The tapered, inferior portion of the spinal cord is called the _____.
• cauda equina
• conus medullaris
• filum terminale
• sacral prominens

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45

• dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Which of the following is the correct sequence regarding the meninges going from superficial to deep?
• dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
• pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater
• arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater
• pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

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46

• conducting impulses

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spinal meninges?
• protection
• providing stability
• shock absorption
• conducting impulses

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47

• epineurium

Which connective tissue covering of a peripheral nerve is composed of a tough fibrous sheath forming the outmost layer of a peripheral nerve?
• epineurium
• endoneurium
• perineurium
• dura mater

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48

a.2-5-1-3-4

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in a stretch reflex, an example of spinal reflexes?
1.Information processing at motor neuron
2.Stretching of muscle stimulates muscle spindle
3.Activation of motor neuron
4.Contraction of muscle
5.Activation of a sensory neuron


a.2-5-1-3-4 c. 5-2-1-3-4
b.2-5-4-1-3 d. 2-1-5-4-3

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49

brachial plexus

what nerve plexus is made up of these major nerves?

Radial nerve, Ulnar nerve, Median nerve, Musculocutaneous nerve

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