chem ch.1 notes

chemistry

the study of mass’ comp, structure, properties, processes it experiences, and the energy that accompanies those processes. ( mouthful )

matter

anything occupying space and having mass

atom

smallest unit of an element that still retains the properties of the element

element

pure substance that is made of 1 type of atom and cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter.

Compound

the chemical combo of 2 or more elements. can be broken down into simpler substances/types of matter.

what are the 3 types of research we discussed

basic, applied, and technological

what is basic research

carried out for the sake of learning/knowledge ( why/how does this stuff happen?)

what is applied research

carried out to solve a problem, NOT fuel curiosity

example of applied research

concern for atmospheric damage=developed refrigerants by researchers

whats technological research

involves the production and product usage that improves the quality of life

examples of technological research/products of it

computers, cars, biodegradable stuff, etc.

what are the 5 branches of chem we needed to know

organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, and biochemistry

what is organic chem

study of the most carbon containing compounds

what’s a real world application of organic chem

medicine development

what’s inorganic chem

the study of non-organic substances, many of which have organic fragments attached to metals.

application of inorganic chem?

developing solar power ig?

what’s physical chem

study of matter’s properties and changes in relation to energy

whats a real world application of physical chem

pharmaceutical development

what’s analytical chem

ID of a material’s components and composition

what is a real world application of analytical chem

reading nutrition labels on vitamins, detecting parasite on lettuce, idk

what’s biochem

the study of the process + substances occurring in living things.

what is a real world application of biochemistry

diagnosing at clinics ( running tests )

what do extensive properties do

depend on the amount of matter present

what are examples of extensive properties

volume, amount of energy, and mass

what do intensive properties do

do not depend on the amount of matter present

examples of intensive properties include..

melting point, boiling point, and density.

what is the key difference between extensive and intensive properties

extensive depends on mass, intensive does not!

how did we define physical change in notes

does not involve a change in ID of the substance

examples of physical change

grinding, melting, cutting, or boiling

what is a chemical change

one or more substances are converted into different substances

examples of chemical changes

burning charcoal and baking

what are the 4 changes in state

melting, freezing, vaporizing, and condensation

what change in state does melting do

solid to liquid

what change in state does freezing do

liquid to solid

what change in state does vaporization do

liquid to gas

what change in state does condensation do

gas to liquid

what are the 6 things we discussed on the periodic table

metals nonmetals metalloids alkali metals alkaline earth metals and noble gases

describe what the metals are on the periodic table

they are most abundant/numerous, good conductors, luster, malleability, and ductile, high tensile strength

what is luster

the way light interacts with a surface, or metallic-ness

what is malleability

able to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets

what is ductile

the ability to be stretched or bent without breaking

what is high tensile strength

maximum pulling a force can handle before it breaks ( high pulling tolerance )

what is a metalloid

a mix of the metals’ and nonmetals’ characteristics. semi-conductors.

what are nonmetals

dull with no luster, typically more brittle, and are poor conductors.

what are noble gases and why are they kind of important to chem

they have a very low reactivity of like 18 elements and also are important because they are used in lighting and even balloons

what side would you find the metals approximately

all on the left side besides hydrogen and it like goes until you reach the far right

where are we approx gonna find the nonmetals

the far right side it starts around like carbon and goes almost like stairs basically almost all the way down ( almost )

where would you find the noble gases

the vertical line on the very last group ( helium all the way down to Og )

where might you find the alkali metals

on the far left first vertical group besides hydrogen

where are the alkaline earth metals

the second furthest group on the left all the way down

what are periods ( in context of this chemistry class )

horizontal rows of elements on periodic table

in periods, are the horizontal rows made up of similar elements? ( like are the elements in each row gonna be similar the whole way across )

no, the closer the two elements are horizontally the more similar they will be, but it’s a gradual change and differentiation across the line.

what are groups on periodic table

vertical columns

are the individual groups on the periodic table similar?

yeah, each group shares very similar chemical and physical properties

difference between groups and periods

periods are horizontal and less similar , groups are vertical and very similar

Where do energy changes occur

in all physical and chemical changes

what is endothermic

energy is absorbed

what is exothermic

energy is released.

what is the law of conservation of energy

energy cant be created nor destroyed only changing form

2Mg+02 → 2Mg0

where are my reactants

2Mg+02 → 2Mg0

where are my products

define a measurement

it tells you both the magnitude and uncertainty of the instrument

what is the estimated value

the last number of a measurement

If 1.5 is our certain value, where do we approximate our measurement to

hundredths

what does percent error do

compares accuracy of an individual or average value w/ accepted value

what is the percent error formula

( experimental value - accepted value ) / accepted value

accuracy vs precision

accuracy is the closeness to the correct or accepted value whereas precision is the closeness of the set of measurements

would you rather have accuracy or precision

accuracy

What are the significant figure rules

• 1.  All nonzero digits are significant.

• 2.  Zeros between nonzero digits are significant.

• 3.  Zeros at the front of a number whose only function is
      to  place the decimal point are NOT significant.

• 4. Trailing zeros are significant ONLY if there is a
      decimal point.

• 5.  Zeros following a decimal point are significant.