Science SOL test #1

cells

theory

explanation of a phenomenon supported by evidence

cell theory

1. all living things (organisms) are made of one or more cells

2. the cell is the smallest and most basic unit of structure or function in living things

3. all cells come from other cells

nature of science

CANDLES

plant cell

rectangular shape, cell wall, and chloroplasts

animal cell

round shape

nucleus

controls the cell

mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell (makes energy from food)

cell wall

a tough layer of protection surrounding the cell

cytoplasm

gel like substance that fills the cell and keeps the organelles in place

cell membrane

selectively permeable (controls what enters and exits the cell)

ribosomes

makes protein

chloroplast

contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that transforms sunlight into glucose during photosynthesis

vacuole

stores food, water, and waste

endoplasmic reticulum

transports materials around the cell

organelle

tiny organs that work together to perform life functions within the cell

life functions of a cell

growth and repair, reproduction, excretion, respiration, and responding to stimuli (movement)

osmosis

the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from high concentration to low concentration

diffusion

the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration

why do cells divide

growth and repair

what controls cell division

the nucleus

where are chromosomes found

the nucleus

chromosomes

tightly wound sections of DNA

DNA

DNA is a molecule that has coded instructions on what the cells should do

cell cycle

cell life cycle

parts of the cell cycle

inter phase, mitosis, and cytokineses