8K - Energy transfers

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to energy transfers, thermodynamics, and associated concepts as outlined in the lecture notes.

Internal Energy

The energy stored in the movement of particles, also known as thermal energy or heat energy.

Temperature

A measure of how hot or cold an object is, usually measured in degrees Celsius (°C).

Conduction

The transfer of energy through solids when particles vibrate and pass their energy to neighboring particles.

Convection

The transfer of energy in fluids (liquids and gases) by the movement of warmer regions rising and cooler regions sinking.

Radiation

The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves, such as infrared radiation, which can travel through a vacuum.

Efficiency

The ratio of useful energy transferred compared to the total energy supplied, usually expressed as a percentage.

Sankey Diagram

A visual representation showing energy transfers, where the width of arrows represents the quantity of energy.

Thermal Insulator

A material that does not conduct energy well, often used to reduce energy transfer, such as wool, wood, and plastic.

Thermal Conductor

A material that conducts energy well, allowing efficient energy transfer, such as metals like copper and aluminum.

Kilowatt-hour (kWh)

A unit of energy representing the amount of energy transferred by an appliance with a power of 1 kW running for one hour.

Power Rating

The amount of energy transferred by an appliance per second, measured in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW).

Evaporation

A method of energy transfer where faster-moving particles in a liquid escape to become gas, resulting in a cooling effect.

Cooling by Evaporation

The process by which evaporating liquids remove energy from a surface, leading to a reduction in temperature.