Nutrition Study Guide for Chapter 7 & 8 – Vitamins & Minerals

A collection of flashcards covering essential topics from the Nutrition Study Guide focused on vitamins and minerals, including their functions, sources, and health implications.

What are the water-soluble vitamins?

B Complex vitamins: Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B6, folate, B12, pantothenic acid, biotin.

What happens to excess water-soluble vitamins?

They can be washed out or destroyed in food storage, processing, and preparation, and are excreted in urine.

How often are water-soluble vitamins needed?

Every day.

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

Vitamins A, D, E, K.

What happens to excess fat-soluble vitamins?

They can accumulate and become toxic over time.

Where are fat-soluble vitamins stored?

In the liver and body fat.

What are the antioxidant vitamins?

Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Beta-carotene (precursor to Vitamin A).

What do antioxidants do?

They help neutralize free radicals.

What are free radicals?

Toxic compounds created in the body by chemical reactions that use oxygen and due to pollutants.

Are vitamins organic or inorganic matter?

Vitamins are organic.

Which vitamin is important for blood formation?

Folate, as it helps in the formation and maintenance of healthy red blood cells.

What is the role of Vitamin B12?

It helps in the formation of healthy red blood cells and maintains nerve fibers' protective sheaths.

What does Vitamin B6 do?

Helps synthesize hemoglobin, carries oxygen in the blood, and aids protein metabolism.

What is the role of Vitamin K?

Essential for blood clotting and helps synthesize bone protein that regulates calcium in the blood.

What is the 'sunshine vitamin'?

Vitamin D.

Which B vitamin helps with the synthesis of red blood cells?

Vitamin B12.

What is riboflavin sensitive to?

Ultraviolet light.

What deficiency causes night blindness?

Vitamin A deficiency.

What does vitamin K do?

It's essential for blood-clotting and can be synthesized by intestinal flora.

What is choline and what does it do?

It's needed to metabolize homocysteine and makes lecithin and other molecules.

What is the condition related to iron deficiency?

Anemia.

Which mineral works with insulin to help cells take up glucose?

Chromium.

Which mineral helps prevent dental decay?

Fluoride.

What is the best dietary source of calcium?

Milk.

What types of exercise is most effective in building bone?

Weight-bearing exercises like brisk walking, weight training, and stair climbing.

How do processed foods affect sodium intake?

They typically have a high level of sodium.

What is hypertension?

High blood pressure, defined as 140 or higher systolic or 90 or higher diastolic.

What are the three main electrolyte minerals?

Sodium, potassium, chloride.

What percentage of a person's body weight is water?

60%.