Just Short Answer questions for Period 4 APUSH

Short Answer #1: The Federalists and Democratic Republicans disagreed on how to interpret and apply the principles outlined in the Constitution to the creation of the New Republic. Answer the following questions on Thomas Jefferson's interpretation of the Constitution.

a) Cite and explain ONE example of Jefferson's strict interpretation of the Constitution in the period between 1789 and 1808.

b) Cite and explain ONE example of Jefferson's loose interpretation of the Constitution in the period between 1789 and 1808.

c) Cite evidence and explain the impact of Jefferson's interpretation and application of the US Constitution.

WHAT I SAID:

A. Thomas Jefferson had a strict interpretation of the U.S. Constitution during his time as secretary of state for President Washington. Jefferson and federalists leader Alexander Hamilton had many heated debates over the national bank and if the Constitution allowed it. Jefferson believed it did not allow the government power to do this while Hamilton argued that the "necessary and proper" clause gave the power to create a national ban. Political factions began to form as a result of differing views between Hamilton and Jefferson.

B. During Jefferson's presidency, France offered the U.S. the vast Louisiana territory, including the port of New Orleans. Jefferson believed the port of New Orleans was needed for the U.S. economy, however the Constitution did not give the president specific power to purchase foreign lands. Therefore, Jefferson had to set aside his strict interpretation for the good of the country.

C. After President John Adams passed both the Alien and Sedition acts, Jefferson secretly wrote a document allowing states to nullify federal laws. This was known as the Kentucky Resolution. However, during his presidency, Jefferson denied representation to the people of New Orleans after the transfer of power from France to the US.

Using the except, answer a, b, c

Briefly explain the significance of Marshall's opinion presented as Jefferson became the third president of the United States.

Briefly explain how two of the following people would either support or question Marshall's view.

William Marbury,

John Adams,

Thomas Jefferson,

Alexander Hamilton

A. John Marshall, a federalist supreme court chief justice who was one of John Adam's midnight appointees, decide the ruling of Marbury v Madison case. Marbury wanted his commission from the government while Jefferson and Madison believed he did not have the right to it. During this case, Marshall ruled that parts of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional and this led to the judicial branch having the power to review congressional action.

B. John Adams would have supported this ruling because he wanted a federalist judge to offset the democratic-republican president and congress. He had appointed Marshall to hep his view on a strong central government. Thomas Jefferson would have opposed the ruling because it would give the Federalists more power. This contradicted Jefferson's believe that power resides in the states.

Short Answer 3: Andrew Jackson Cartoon

In the "King Andrew" political cartoon, the artist depicts President Andrew Jackson as an abuser of executive power. The cartoon paints Jackson as an absolute monarch, similar to monarchy. It shows Jackson's veto strategy to seize power from congress.

B. The cartoon shows president Jackson trampling important American documents, symbols of Native American removal, internal improvements and more. These documents were specifically chosen by the artist to show what "King Andrew" had opposed or denied during his presidency. They represent the power Jackson created for the executive branch during his administration.

C. Andrew Jackson's presidential power was used to remove the federal bank during his administration. Without consent of congress, President Jackson divided up the federal bank to several state banks and got rid of the national bank during this time. This government action was an example of the power Jackson had given the executive branch at this time, giving him the name "King Andrew the first" in this cartoon.

Short Answer 4: Choose one and show the shift in political power from ruling elite to common man,

contrast choice against one of other options, (not as good as your choice)

c. ( explain one critical response to the political changes during this time.

Short Answer 5: Explain one of the parts of Henry Clay's proposed American system, about economic improvement: protective tariffs, national bank, internal improvement,

explain one part of Clay's system that would bring economic improvement

Identify and explain role played by one individual or group critical to one part or entire plan for American system

Short Answer 6: Use cartoon

Explain point of view regarding one of the following: religious revivals, temperance, women's rights

Explain one element of cartoon expresses point of view in Part A.

Explain how Part A shaped one specific United States government action between 1820 and 1860.