Water movement from soil to leaves

Apoplast

space between cells

through cells

Symplast

space within cells

through cytoplasm

What is an advantage of apoplast

it is quicker and there is no resistance

Osmosis

the net (passive) movement of water molecules from a region of high water potential to low water potential.

What is the plasmodesmata

strands of cytoplasm through pits in the cell wall joining adjacent cells

Endodermis

A single layer of cells around the pericycle and vascular tissue of the root. Each cell has an impermeable waterproof barrier in its cell wall

Casparian Strip

Impermeable to water and mineral ions so it blocks the movement of water in the apoplast so it moves into the cytoplasm

Water absorption in root hair cells.

For water to be constantly absorbed there needs to be a _____________ concentration gradient.

Plants absorb dissolved mineral ions through _________ ____________ to keep the solute potential high (__________________)

Water diffuses via ____________ into RHC

continuous

active transport

low water potential

osmosis

What are the methods through which water can move up the xylem

Root pressure

Cohesion - adhesion theory

Capillarity

Root pressure:

Ions moved into xylem by _______ _____________.

Lowers _______ _________ in xylem

More moves into _______ by osmosis, which creates ______ pressure

active transport

water potential

root

root

Cohesion Adhesion Theory:

• Water molecules are ________.

• _________ bonds form between water molecules which leads to _________.

• Hydrogen bonds form between water and molecules found in cellulose which leads to __________.

• Both processes come together for _______________.

• Root pressure ________ allows for transpiration

polar

Hydrogen

cohesion

adhesion

transpiration

further

Capillarity:

Cohesion between water molecules generates __________________.

Only operates over ________ distances

surface tension

short